22 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Papaver continued. 



P. setigerum (bristly), fl. violet ; capsule obovate, not stipitate. 

 Summer. A near ally of the Opium Poppy, but differing from 

 it in having the teeth of the leaves terminating in a stiff bristle, 



the simple or slightly brance stem enng in two or 

 three elongated peduncles, which, as well as the leaves, are 

 hairy, h. 1ft. to 2ft. Europe, Asia. (S. B. F. G. 172.) Of this 

 Poppy, numerous fine strai 



, . . . . . 



have originated in gardens. 



FIG. 30. PAPAVER MURSELLI. 



P. somnlfernm (sleep-causing).* Opium Poppy, fl. variously 

 coloured, white, rose, lilac, violet, often striped, and usually with 

 a darker spot at the base of the petals, the latter fringed in some 

 varieties. Stem many-flowered, smooth. July. I. oblong-am- 

 plexicaul, sinuate, glaucous, broad, waved, lobed, cordate at the 

 base. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Europe, Asia, West Africa, India, and 

 naturalised in many parts of this country. Annual. (B. M. PL 

 18). Opium is the inspissated milky juice of this species, 

 obtained by making incisions in the capsule. The seeds are 

 destitute of narcotic quality, and may be eaten ; they are sold as 

 birds' food, under the name of Maw Seed. The name pceonice- 

 florum is given in gardens to a select strain of this species with 

 very double, Pseony-like flowers. What is grown in gardens 

 under the name of Danebrog Poppy (see Fig. 29), is also a strain 

 of this species. P. Murselli is another garden strain, with double 

 flowers and fringed petals (see Fig. 30). 



FAFAVERACE.2E. A natural order of glabrous 

 and often glaucescent, or long-pilose, herbs, or very 

 rarely small shrubs, mostly inhabiting the temperate, 

 cold, and sub-tropical regions of the Northern hemi- 

 sphere, only a few being found within the tropics or in 

 the Southern hemisphere. Flowers hermaphrodite, 

 regular or (in Fumariece) irregular ; sepals two or 

 three, rarely four, free, imbricated, very caducous ; 

 petals four or six, rarely eight or twelve, free, in two, 

 or rarely three, series, imbricated and frequently corru- 

 gated, deciduous ; stamens hypogynous, free, or the fila- 

 ments connate; peduncles one-flowered, or very rarely 

 sub-umbellately many-flowered, usually elongated, ter- 

 minal or in the upper axils. Fruit a capsule. Leaves 

 alternate, or the floral ones occasionally sub-opposite, 

 entire, or often lobed or dissected, exstipulate. Many 

 of the species contain coloured juices. The most im- 

 portant product, however, is opium, prepared from the 

 milky juice of Papaver somniferum; this species is also 

 cultivated in France for its seeds, which yield what is 

 known as white oil or oleum. The order comprises 

 twenty-five genera and about 160 species. Well-known 

 examples are : Eschscholtzia, Fumaria, Papaver, and 

 Platystemon. 



FAFAW-TREE. See Carica Papaya. 



PAPAYA. Included under Carica. 



PAPAYACE2E. A tribe of Passiflorece. 



PAPER MULBERRY. See Broussonetia papy- 

 rifera. 



PAPER REED OR RUSH. See Papyrus anti- 

 quorum. 



PAPER-TREE. See Streblus asper. 



PAPHINIA. Included under Ly caste (which see). 



FAFILIONACE.2E. A sub-order of Leguminosce, 

 spread over the whole world, but principally inhabiting 

 the North temperate hemisphere. There are some 295 

 genera, and about 4700 species. All the British, and, 

 with two exceptions, all the European, members of 

 Leguminosce belong to this sub-order. For the chief 

 botanical characteristics, see Legfiimiuosaa. 



FIG. 31. PAPILIONACEOUS COROLLA. 



PAPILIONACEOUS. Having a corolla similar to 

 that of the Pea. See Fig. 31. 



PAPILIONIDJE. A family of Butterflies, some 

 species of which are injurious to cultivated plants. The 

 family marks are : that the perfect insects are moderately 

 large, the wings spreading from IJin. to 4in. across, 

 and all six legs are useful for walking; the larvae are 

 long, nearly cylindrical, and naked, or only slightly 

 hairy; and the pupae are fixed to supports by both a 

 belt of silk round the middle and a silk cord at the 

 tail. The family includes eleven British species, and 

 among these are the largest British butterfly, viz., the 

 Swallow-tail, which lives in the Fen Counties of England, 

 feeding on TJmbellifers. Other well-known species are 

 the Brimstone Butterfly, the Clouded Yellows, the Orange 

 Tip, and the various White Butterflies. These last alone 

 are hurtful in gardens. The larvae of the Large White 

 (Pieris Brassicce) and the Small White (P. Rapes) do 

 great injury to Cabbages (see Cabbage Caterpillars), 

 and those of the Black-veined White (Aporia Cratasgi) 

 feed on Hawthorn, and on Apple and Pear-trees (see 

 Hawthorn Caterpillars). 



FAFILL2B, or FAFUL2&. Soft, oblong, super- 

 ficial glands. 



PAPPUS. A term applied to various hairy tufts 

 on achenes or fruits ; or to the mere rim, scales, or hairs, 

 to which the calyx is reduced in Composites. 



FAFULJE. See Papilla. 



PAPYRACEOUS. Of the consistency of writing- 

 paper. 



PAPYRIA. A synonym of Gethyllis. 



PAPYRUS (from Papuros, an old Greek name, of 

 Egyptian origin, used byTheophrastus). OKD. Cyperaceoe. 

 A small genus of sedges, mostly stove aquatic perennials, 

 natives of tropical and warm regions, included, by 

 Bentham and Hooker, under Cyperus. Inflorescence in 

 many -flowered spikelets, surrounded by long bracts; 

 glumes imbricated, in two rows, one-flowered. The only 

 species requiring mention here is P. antiquorum. It is 

 usually cultivated as an aquatic, but may be grown in a 

 pot of rich, heavy loam, if kept standing in a pan or 

 tub of water. For sub-tropical gardening, it is a very 

 useful subject, and is best grown in shallow water, in 

 a warm position. It should be removed indoors early in 

 the month of September. Propagated by divisions of 

 the rhizome. 

 P. antiquorum (ancient).* Egyptian Paper Reed or Rush. 



Stems dark green, triangular, jointless, supporting, at the top, 



an umbel of pendent leaves, which impart a very graceful and 



striking appearance, h. 10ft. Egypt, 1803. "The pith-like 



