36 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Pavia continued. 



tomentose beneath, h. 3ft. to 9ft North America, 1820. Shrub, 

 with stoloniferous roots. SYNS. P. macrostachya, jEsculus 

 macrostachya (B. M. 2118), jE. parviflora. 



P. californica (Californian).* fl. white or pale rose, highly fra- 

 grant, covering the dense head of the tree ; stamens five to 

 seven; anthers orange - coloured. May. I., leaflets smooth, 

 oblong-lanceolate, acute, obtuse at base, serrulate, with slender 

 petiolules. California. A very handsome species ; usually a 

 shrub, 12ft. to 15ft, sometimes a tree, 40ft high, with a dense 

 bead, much more in diameter. See Fig. 39. 



P. discolor (discoloured). A synonym of P. flava purpurascens. 



P. flava (yellow).* Sweet Buckeye, fl. pale yellow ; stamens 

 included within the four-petaled corolla. May. I. on pubescent 

 petioles, which are rather flat above ; leaflets five or seven, 

 elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, pubescent beneath and on the 

 nerves above, h. 20ft. North America, 1764. A large tree or 

 shrub. (B. B. 1009, under name of JEsculus nefllecta.) 



P. f. purpurascens (purplish), fl. tinged with red or purple- 

 SYNS. P. discolor, P. hybrida. (B. R. 310, under name of 

 JSsculus discolor.) 



P. hybrida (hybrid). A synonym of P. flava purpurascens. 



P. macrostachya (large-spiked). A synonym of P. alba. 



FIG. 40. FLOWERING BRANCH OF PAVIA RCTRA. 



P. rubra (red). Red Buckeye, fl. bright red, disposed in an 

 oblong panicle ; stamens shorter than the corolla. May. I., leaf- 

 lets five, elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, and, as well as the 

 petioles, glabrous, slightly pilose in the axils of the nerves 

 beneath, h. 10ft North America, 1711. Shrub or small tree. 

 SYN. ^sculus Pavia. See Fig. 40. (B. R. 993 ; W. D. B. 120, 

 1643.) Of this, there are three varieties : humilis, 6ft high ; 

 pendula, with pendulous branches ; and laciniata, with deeply 

 cut leaves. 



FAVONIA (named after Don Jose Pavon, a Spanish 

 traveller in Peru, one of the authors of " Flora Peruviana 

 et Chilensis " ; he died in 1844). Including Lebretonia 

 and Lopimia. OBD. Malvaceae. A genus comprising up- 

 wards of sixty species of tomentose, hispid, or glabrescent, 

 stove herbs or shrubs. Ten or eleven are natives of Africa, 

 tropical Asia, or the Pacific Islands; the rest are all 

 indigenous to South America or the warmer parts of 

 North America, one of the South American species being 

 also found in Australia. Flowers of various colours, 

 pedunculate or in congested heads at the apices of the 

 branches ; calyx five-fid or five-toothed ; petals spreading 

 or convolute-connivent. Leaves often angular or lobed. 

 Few of the species have any horticultural value. They 

 thrive in any light, rich soil. Cuttings will root readily 



Pavonia continued. 



if inserted in sand, under a glass ; increase may also be 

 effected by seeds. All the under-mentioned species are 

 shrubs. 



P. malacophylla (soft-leaved), fl. scarlet, axillary, solitary or 

 crowded at the tips of the branches; corolla flat. February. 

 I. orbicular, cordate, coarsely toothed, h. 4ft. New Grenada, 

 1823. (B. M. 4365. under name of Lopimia malacophylla.) 



P. multiflora (many-flowered).* fl. solitary in the upper axils, 

 and forming a short, terminal corymb ; bracteoles red, hairy, 

 numerous below the flower, whorled, longer and narrower than 

 the purplish calyx segments ; petals dull purple, lin. to IJin. long, 

 rolled together, narrowly obovate-oblong. September. I. alter- 

 nate, 6in. to lOin. long, lin. to 2in. broad, narrowly oblong, 

 or obovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, serrulate or denticulate ; 

 petioles liin. to Sin. long. Brazil. A robust plant. (B. M. 6398.) 



P. Schrankli (Schrank's). fl. on solitary, axillary peduncles ; 

 corolla orange-coloured, yellow at base, above IJin. long, 2in. 

 across ; petals imbricated and convolute. July. I. scattered, 

 spreading wide, 34in. long, liin. broad, ovate, sub-cordate at base, 

 acuminate. Branches erect, h. 2ft. Brazil, 1823. (B. M. 3692.) 

 SYN. Lebretonia coccinea. 



P. Spinifex (prickly-fruited), fl. yellow ; pedicels axillary, one- 

 flowered. July and August I. ovate, acuminate, almost cordate, 

 doubly toothed. Warm parts of America, 1778. (B. R. 339.) 



P. Makoyana and P. Wioti (B. H., 1876, vii.) are species of 

 Goethea. 



FAVONIA (of Ruiz and Pavon). A synonym of 

 Laurelia (which see). 



PAXTONIA. Included under Spathoglottis (which 

 see). 



PEA. A common name for various members of the 

 Papilionacece family. 



PICA (Pisum sativum). A hardy annual, one of the 

 most valuable and best known of leguminous plants, and 

 one which has been in cultivation from remote antiquity. 

 Its origin is unknown; probably, however, the early 

 home of the species was Western Asia. It is sup- 

 posed to have been introduced into this country from 

 the South of Europe, about the time of Henry VIII. 

 The uses to which the seeds are put, as an article of 

 food, both in a young, green state, and after being matured 

 and dried, are familiar to everyone. Used in either 

 way, they are very nutritious. Dried Peas, in days long 

 past, formed a more important article of food than at 

 the present time, especially amongst the working classes. 

 They have been replaced very considerably by Potatoes 

 since the cultivation of that vegetable has become so 

 generally adopted. It is to the production and supply 

 of green Peas that cultivators now more particularly 

 devote their attention, and a continued succession of 

 crops becomes necessary in order to maintain an un- 

 broken supply. Green Peas, very early in the season, 

 are justly considered a great delicacy, and gardeners vie 

 with each other in using every means in their power 

 to supply a dish as early as possible. To this end, it is 

 important that only suitable early varieties be grown, 

 and that they should receive more than ordinary atten- 

 tion in spring, and until their produce is fit to gather. 

 Mid-season and late varieties bear longer in succession 

 than early ones, and various heights also make consider- 

 able difference respecting the time taken in perfecting 

 their crops. 



CULTIVATION. The Pea crop is best provided for by 

 a rich, loamy soil, amongst which plenty of calcareous 

 matter, such as lime, chalk, &c., should be incorporated. 

 It should be of a good depth, in order that the roots 

 may penetrate for a supply of moisture, should the surface 

 become dry. This is of great importance in summer, as 

 then the plants require plenty of moisture, and if the 

 supply is insufficient, mildew invariably attacks the leaves, 

 and the pods rarely fill satisfactorily. Manure is best 

 suited for Peas when applied to a previous crop ; should 

 ground of such a description be unavailable, or the posi- 

 tion unsuitable, it would be best to thoroughly trench, 

 and add horse, or ordinary farmyard, manure at about 1ft. 



