AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



Fear continued. 



horizontally-trained trees, the five-branched vertical, and 

 single cordons, may be grown on strained wire fences, in 

 which position, if some slight protection is afforded the 

 trees when in flower, good results may be obtained. 



Standard Pears are mostly worked on the Pear stock. 

 This form of tree is not much planted in kitchen gardens, 

 but is most frequently seen in paddocks, orchards, &c., 

 and is still more extensively adopted for market gardens, 

 where the ground beneath is cropped with bush fruits, 

 &c. When once properly started, standard trees grow 

 rapidly, and soon arrive at a bearing state. They may 

 bo planted in rows at about 30ft. apart, and 25ft. distant 

 in the rows ; or more space may be allowed according 

 to circumstances. 



Bush Pear-trees on the Quince stock are usually very 

 productive, and, when laden with fruit, are exceedingly 

 ornamental. They are specially adapted for small gardens, 

 and may be planted as close as 4ft. or 6ft. Bush 

 trees may readily be kept at a height not exceeding the 

 latter figure, and eventually induced to grow nearly as 



Pear continued. 



Horizontal training is the system perhaps most generally 

 adopted for Pear-trees on walls ; that is, an upright stem 

 is secured, with branches proceeding horizontally in either 

 direction. If grafted on the Quince, these trees should not 

 bo situated much wider apart than 12ft. ; otherwise, the 

 branches from each will not extend sufficiently far to pro- 

 perly occupy the intervening space. On the Pear stock, 

 they may be planted about 20ft. apart. Walls being so 

 expensive to build, and so valuable for the cultivation of 

 fruit-trees, it is most important that their surfaces should 

 be covered with branches as quickly as possible. The 

 branches on trees horizontally trained require to be about 

 1ft. apart, and, as generally only one pair can be obtained 

 each year, the system for wall-covering is rather a slow 

 one. To utilise the intervening space between permanent 

 trees, riders may be planted midway, and trained as well 

 as circumstances admit, something in the way suggested 

 at B, Fig. 45, where A, A represent the permanent 

 trees. Such temporary trees for fruit-production are not 

 much to be depended upon, as they have to be cut away 





Fio. 45. HORIZONTAL SYSTEM OF TRAINING PEAR-TREES. 



much in diameter. When they are in full bearing, it is 

 necessary to apply a good top-dressing of manure. 



Pyramid training is largely practised with Pear-trees, 

 and handsome specimens, some 15ft. high, are sometimes 

 to be seen. Such trees, when once formed, invariably 

 flower profusely, and, if the weather and season prove 

 favourable, are very productive. Pyramids may be pro- 

 cured worked either on the Pear stock or on the Quince. 



On the Pear stock, and in good deep soil, 



8ft. to 10ft. apart may be allowed in large 

 gardens ; for the Quince, 6ft. between will 

 generally prove sufficient, particularly if 

 space is limited. 



Single, double, or triple cordons soon 

 effectively furnish walls and afford oppor- 

 tunities for growing those varieties that 

 are known to succeed, and for trying any 

 reputed good sorts from other localities. , - 



The trees may be trained vertically or *! * 

 obliquely; for high walls, the first-named 

 plan may be adopted, while an oblique 

 angle would allow a further extension on 

 a low wall. They may have been worked 

 on either Pear or Quince stocks, accord- 

 ing to which succeeds best ; and, in 

 planting, provision should be made for 

 allowing a space of from 1ft. to lift, between each 

 two of the cordon branches. The different sorts of 

 cordon will, therefore, cause a variation in the distances 

 apart to be allowed when planting. 



when the others require space, and this is, perhaps, just at 

 the time they arrive at a bearing state. One of the chief 

 essentials with horizontal trees is to keep their lower 

 branches equally vigorous with the more favourably-placed 

 upper ones. To effect this, it is frequently necessary to 

 raise the former in an oblique direction, while the latter 

 are kept horizontal, until of about an equal strength, when 

 they may all bo trained horizontally. In order to furnish 



Fio. 46. FAN-TRAINING OF PEAR-TREES. 



the angle between two permanent trees trained nndor 

 this system, the upper pair of branches of a rider would 

 of necessity have an undue advantage over the others 

 below, as shown in the illustration to which reference 



