AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



57 



Fear continued. 



when the young loaves are forming on the new summer 

 shoots, to cut off the diseased leaves formed in spring, 

 and burn them, since, at this period, almost all the 

 Mites will be in the galls in these leaves. It is of little 

 use to attempt a remedy at other seasons, or to employ 

 other means. 



The flowers and the young fruits occasionally suffer from 

 Anthonomus pomorum (see Apple-blossom Weevil) ; 

 and the Pears are eaten into by the larva of Carpocapsa 

 pomonana (see Apple or Codlin Grub), and by Woodlice. 



FEAR, ALLIGATOR. See Fersea gratissiiua. 



FEAR, ANCHOVY. See Grias. 



FEAR, AVOCADO. See Fersea gratissima. 



FEARCEA. Included under Isoloma (which see). 



FEAR, GARLIC. See Cratseva. 



FEARL FRUIT. See Margyricarpus. 



FEARL WEED, or FEARL WORT. A common 

 name for Sagina (which see). 



FEAR, PRICKLY. See Opuntia. 



FEAR-SHAFED. Obovoid or obconical, with a 

 tapering base. 



FEAR SLUG. The larva of Eriocampa limacina (see 

 Slug"worms). It is also called Plum Slug, and is named 

 after several other plants in like manner, as it feeds on 

 a number of fruit-trees and shrubs. For description and 

 remedies, see Slugworms. 



FEA, SWEET. See Lathyrus odoratns. 



PEAT. See Soils. 



PEA-TREE. See Sesbania. 



PEA-TREE, SIBERIAN. See Carag-ana. 



FEA WEEVIL. See remarks on INSECTS, under Pea. 



PEBBLE MOTH. See Pionea forficalis. 



PECAN NUT-TREE. See Carya olivseformis. 



PECTINATE. Pinnatifid, with numerous, closely- 

 placed, narrow segments, resembling the teeth of a comb. 



PECTIS (from pecten, a comb ; referring to the 

 pappus). Including Lorentea. ORD. Composites. About 

 forty species have been referred to this genus, but the 

 number may be reduced. They are greenhouse or half- 

 hardy, annual or perennial herbs, sometimes diffuse or 

 prostrate, sometimes erect, slender, and glabrous, and are 

 found in the warmer parts of America, from Brazil or 

 Bolivia as far as Mexico. Flower -heads yellow (or 

 white), small or mediocre, often narrow, slender-stalked 

 or sessile, solitary or corymbose; involucre of a single 

 row of bracts ; receptacle small, naked ; pappus bristly 

 or scaly. Leaves opposite, usually narrow and entire, 

 and furnished with pellucid dots. The species have but 

 little horticultural value, although the under-mentioned is 

 worth cultivating. It requires treatment similar to other 

 half-hardy annuals. 

 P. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), fl.-heads yellow, fragrant. 



I. coarsely ciliate, linear, h. 4in. to 6in. North-west America, 



1865. A branching, half-hardy annual, with a compact habit 



and dense inflorescence. (B. M. 6286.) 



PEDALINE2E. A small natural order of annual or 

 perennial herbs, rarely sub-shrubs, with vesicular glands, 

 natives of the warmer regions of the globe, but most 

 abundant in Africa. Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular, 

 those of Old World genera axillary, solitary, or rarely 

 fasciculate ; those of American genera disposed in terminal 

 racemes, shortly or very shortly pedicellate ; calyx gamo- 

 scpalous, parted nearly to the base into four, rarely five, 

 segments, or rarely membranous, five-fid, and spathe- 

 like ; corolla gamopetalous, tubular, often oblique or 

 decurved at base, and more or less oblique at back ; limb 

 of five spreading lobes, usually bilabiate, imbricated ; 

 stamens alternating with the corolla lobes, usually in- 

 cluded. Fruit capsular, nut-like, or rarely sub-drupaceous. 



Vol. IIL 



FIG 



nver ; the 



Pedalineae continued. 



Leaves opposite, or the upper ones alternate, entire, 

 toothed, incised, or pedatifid. Sesamum or Gingilie Oil, 

 largely used by Orientals, is extracted from the seeds of 

 Sesamum indicum and S. orientale ; but the species, 

 generally speaking, have not much economic value. The 

 order comprises a dozen genera, and only about forty 

 species. Illustrative genera are : Martynia, Pedalium. 

 Pterodiscus, and Sesamum. 



FEDALIS. In length, 1ft. 



FEDALIUM (from pedalion, a rudder ; in reference 

 to the dilated angles of the fruit). ORD. Pedalineae. 

 A monotypic genus. The species, P. murex, a native of 

 India and tropical Africa, is probably now lost to cultiva- 

 tion. It is a sparingly-branched, glabrous annual, with 

 opposite or alternate, stalked leaves, from the axils of 

 which spring the solitary, sub-erect, shortly-stalked, yellow 

 flowers. 



FEDATE, PEDATIFID. Re- 

 sembling a bird's foot; palmately 

 parted or divided, with the lateral 

 divisions cleft into smaller segments. 

 A Pedate. leaf is shown at Fig. 62. 



FEDATIFARTITE, FEDATI- 

 SECT. Pedatcly parted in such a 

 manner that the segments become dis- 

 tinct leaflets. 



PEDICEL. The support of a single 

 last branch of the inflorescence. 



FEDICULARIS (from pediculus, a louse; it was 

 supposed to cause sheep to be infested with that insect). 

 Lousewort. ORD. Scrophularinece. Of this genus, above 

 120 species have been enumerated ; they are mostly 

 hardy perennial (rarely annual?) herbs, broadly dis- 

 persed, but mainly in the Northern hemisphere. Flowers 

 in bracteate spikes or racemes, honeyed, often secund ; 

 calyx tubular or campanulate, two or five-toothed ; corolla 

 with a cylindrical or swollen tube, and a bilabiate limb, 

 the upper lip of which is galeated. Leaves alternate or 

 whorled, very rarely sub-opposite, once or mnch-pin- 

 nately divided, rarely simple and toothed ; floral ones 

 decreasing, mostly bract-like. Some of the species are 

 pretty little plants; they succeed if planted in a moist, 

 peaty soil, and are propagated most readily from seeds. 

 A selection of the species best known to cultivation is 

 given below; they are hardy perennials, except where 

 otherwise indicated. Most of the species are not long- 

 lived in cultivation ; they are probably all more or less 

 parasitic on the roots of other plants. 

 P. canadensis (Canadian). Wood Betony. fl. wholly cream- 

 colour, or with the obtuse, bidentate galea of the corolla purple ; 

 calyx hairy. July and August. I. pinnatifld, with obtuse, 

 crenated segments. Stem simple, h. 6in. to 12in. North 

 America, 17tO. (B. M. 25C6 ; S. B. F. G. 67.) 

 P. comosa (tufted), fl. usually cream-coloured, in a short, dense 

 spike; galea of corolla obtuse, bidentate. July and August. 

 I. pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifld and toothed. Stem simple, 

 downy, h. 6in. to 2ft. Eastern Europe, &c., 1775. 

 P. dolichorhiza (long-rooted).* /. golden-yellow, in a terminal 

 spike ; upper lip of corolla curved down into a short, straight 

 beak; lower lip trilobed. Summer. I. pinnate, with toothed 

 leaflets, h. 1ft. to lift. Eastern Europe, &c., 1881. A pretty 

 plant. (R. G. 1884, p. 54.) 



P. flammea (flame-coloured).* /. pale red ; galea of corolla very 

 blunt, rounded. May and June. /. pinnate; leaflets roundish, 

 imbricated backwards, doubly toothed. Stem simple, h. bin. to 

 12in. Arctic Norway, Iceland, &c., 1775. 



P. flava (yellow), fl. yellow, striped with red; calyx woolly; 

 galea of corolla obtuse, very convex, bidentate. July. I. fleshy, 

 deeply pinnatifld, with distant, oblong, coarsely and doubly- 

 toothed segments. Stem simple, h. 6in. Siberia, 1828. 

 P. foliosa (leafy), fl. cream-colour, in a dense sp_ike ; galea of 

 corolla downy or glabrous, very blunt. July. I. pinnatifld, with 

 lanceolate, unequally-toothed segments. Stem simple, short 

 and almost naked, or tall and leafy. A. 6in. to 3ft. Europe, 

 1786. (J. F. A. 139.) 



P. incarnata (flesh-coloured), fl. pale red ; calyx hoary-pubescent ; 

 galea of corolla with an obtuse or emarginate, falcate beak. June 



I 



