AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



Fenaeacea continued. 



inferior, with an ovoid or cylindrical tube, and a limb 

 of four valvate or rednplicate-margined lobes ; stamens 

 four, affixed to the throat; filaments short; anthers con- 

 tinuous with the filaments, erect, two-celled. Capsule 

 included in the persistent perianth. Leaves opposite, 

 numerous, rather small, entire, coriaceous ; stipules absent. 

 The order comprises four genera and about a score 

 species, none of which have any kno'.vn economic value. 

 Examples : Pencea, Sarcocolla. 



PENANG LAWYERS. See Licuala acutifida. 

 PENCIL FLOWER. See Stylosanthes. 

 PENDULOUS. Drooping; hanging down. 



FENICILLATE. Besembling a pencil; consisting 

 of, or covered with, tufts of hairs. 



FENNATE. The same as Pinnate (which see). 



PENNIFORM. Feather or plume-shaped. 



PENNINERVED, FENNIVEINED. Having 

 main veins or ribs running straight from the margins 

 at equal distances. 



FENNISETUM (from penna, a feather, and seta, a 

 bristle ; referring to the long, feathered bristles of the 

 flower-spikes). Including Gymnothrix. OBD. Gramineae. 

 A rather large genus (nearly forty species) of tropical and 

 sub-tropical grasses, mostly African, and principally re- 

 quiring greenhouse treatment. Spikelets two to four, in 

 a simple spike, involucrate; bristles distinct, deciduous 

 with the spikelet, the interior plumose below. Sterile 

 glumes three, or two by abortion of the lowest, mem- 

 branous. Many of the species are very ornamental, and 

 well worth growing. They are usually annuals, and are 

 of very easy culture in ordinary garden soil. Propagated 

 by seeds. The following are desirable plants : 



P. cenchroides (Cenchrus-like). JL, spikes lin. to 3in. long; 

 spikelets ascending, sessile, crowded, oblong, acute, Ain. long, 

 densely plumose in the lower part. L linear, acute, glabrous. 

 Stems 1ft to 2ft long, ascending, branched. Warm regions of 

 both hemispheres, 1777. Annnal- 



P. compressnm (compressed). JL, involucres nearly sessile, in a 

 simple, cylindrical, dense spike of 3m. to 6m., consisting of nume- 

 rous, very unequal bristles. J. long and narrow, glabrous, the 

 ligula prominent Stems 2ft to 3ft high, erect, scabrous, and 

 more or less hirsute under the panicle. Australia, 1820 Annual. 



P. latifolium (broad-leaved).* JL, inflorescence consisting of 

 amentifonn, nodding spikes. L broad-lanceolate, spreading, 

 bright green, with the broad median rein whitish ; ligule short, 

 liairy. Stems robust-growing, cane-like, attaining a height of 

 from 9ft to 10ft Monte Video, 1869. A very ornamental peren- 

 nial, forming handsome tufts. It may be grown in the open 

 air daring the summer months ; the roots should be taken up at 

 the approach of winter, and placed under cover. STN. Gymnothrix 

 lattfolia. (R. H. 1869, 69.) 





FIG. 74. PENNISBTUM LOHGISTTLOTI. 



P. longlstylum Gong-styled).* Jl., inflorescence in spikes from 

 4in. to 6in. long, having a singularly twisted appearance, and 

 enveloped in a feathery down of a purplish colour. August 



Fennisetunt continued. 

 L narrow and gracefully arching. A. 1ft to 1 

 An elegant species, generally treated as a half- 

 Kg. 74T 



P. setosum (bristly). JL, spikes purple, very dense, 6in. long ; 

 involucre of a dozen or more fine bristles, densely plumose in the 

 lower part. 1. linear, acute, glabrous or pilose. Stems 3ft to 4ft 

 long. Tropical America, 1817. An erect perennial. 



PENNY GRASS. See Rhinanthus crista-galli. 



PENNY PIES. A common name applied to the 

 leaves of Cotyledon Umbilicus. 



PENNYROYAL (Mentha Pulegium). This hardy 

 perennial is a native of Europe (Britain), North and West 

 Asia, Ac., and is cultivated for the occasional use of its 

 leaves or tops in culinary preparations. It succeeds best 

 in loamy soil, and in a moist situation. Propagation may 

 be readily effected by division, in autumn or spring. In 

 planting, allow a space of about 12in. between rows, and 

 Gin. between plants in the row ; water shortly afterwards, 

 should the weather be dry. 



PENNYWORT, or FENNYLEAF. A name 

 applied to Cotyledon Umbilicus, Hydrocotyle vulgarit, 

 Linaria Cymbalaria, and Sibthorpia europcea. 



FENSTEMON. See Pentstemon. 

 PENT A. In Greek compounds, this signifies five; 

 e.g., Pentagonal, five-angled. 



PENTACH.SSTA (from pente, five, and chaite, a 

 bristle; alluding to the five bristles at the base of the 

 pappus). OBD. Composite. A small genus (four species) 

 of greenhouse or hardy, small, slender, annual herbs, 

 natives of California and Mexico. Flower-heads yellow, 

 mediocre or rather small, solitary at the tips of the 

 branches, radiate ; ray-florets tmiseriate ; involucre hemi- 

 spherical or broadly campanulate ; receptacle flat or 

 slightly convex, naked; achenes somewhat silky -villona. 

 Leaves alternate, linear, entire, or rarely almost opposite 

 and denticulate. P. aurea, the only species yet intro- 

 duced, is readily grown from seeds, sown in sandy loam, 

 in warm, sunny spots, in spring. 



P. aurea (golden), fl.-headt golden-yellow, lin. in diameter ; ray- 

 florets twenty to fifty. L numerous, sessile, filiform - linear. 

 h. 2in. to 3in. California, 1884. A pretty, dwarf, umbellately 

 branched, hardy herb. (B. G. 1153.) 



FENTADACTYLON. A synonym of Fersoonia 

 (which see). 



fun T A T^PM A (from pente, five, and deema, a 

 bundle ; the stamens are disposed in bundles of five). 

 OBD. Guttifera. A monotypic genus, the species being 

 a tall, stove tree, yielding a yellow, greasy juice (whence 

 the popular name). It succeeds best in a mixture of 

 loam and peat, and in a strong, moist heat. Propa- 

 gation is effected by ripened cuttings (with their leaves 

 not shortened), inserted in sand, under a glass, in a 

 moist heat. 

 P. butyracea (buttery). Butter-and-Tallow-tree. IL red, 



large, handsome, solitary and terminal ; sepals passing gradually 



Into the petals, which are imbricate, but scarcely contorted. 



November, /r. an edible berry. 1. opposite, coriaceous, and ele- 

 marked with numerous parallel veins. Tropical Africa, 



FENTAGONIA (from pente, five, and gonia, an angle ; 

 referring to the divisions of the corolla). OBD. Rubiacece. 

 A genus comprising about eight species of stove shrubs, 

 natives of tropical America. Flowers yellow, red, or 

 greenish, large, but inconspicuous when compared with 

 the foliage, in dense, axillary corymbs, sessile or nearly 

 so; calyx with a tnrbinate, sub-cylindrical, or campanu- 

 late tube, and a spathaceous, or five or six-lobed limb ; 

 corolla funnel-shaped or tubular, thickly coriaceous, the 

 limb of five or six valvate lobes. Leaves large, oppo- 

 site, coriaceous, entire or pinnatifid, with large stipules. 

 Branchlets thick, terete. For culture of P. Wendlandi 

 the only cpeoies yet introduced see Cinchona. 



