AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



89 



Phacelia continued. 



toothed. Stem erect, 1ft. high, branched. California, 1834. 

 Plant glandular, pilose, viscous. See Fig. 100. (B. M. 3572, under 

 name of Eutoca viscosa ; B. R. 1808 and S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 368, 

 under name of E. viscida.) 



P. Whitlavia (Whitlavia).* /. large, in terminal, many-flowered 

 racemes ; calyx deeply cut to the base ; corolla rich blue, with an 

 ample tube and a nearly equal limb of five spreading lobes. June. 

 I. alternate, nearly deltoid or ovate-deltoid, coarsely and doubly 



serrated, hairy-pubescent ; 

 leaves, h. 2ft. California, 



etioles generally longer than the 

 1. (B. M. 4813.) 



FHAEDON BETULJE (Mustard Beetle). This 

 beetle is about in. long, oval, of a glossy violet or brilliant 

 blue, sometimes greenish; the head and thorax are 

 minutely punctate ; wing-cases punctate - striate ; lower 

 surfaces of body, legs, and antennas black. The eggs 

 are laid on the backs of the leaves. The larvae are 

 flattened. The body is broadest about the fifth seg- 

 ment, and tapers slightly to each end. It is of a smoky- 

 yellow colour, spotted with black ; the head is black. 

 Each segment is prolonged at the sides into a conical pro- 

 tuberance. There are a few scattered hairs on the body. 

 The insects are believed to pupate in the soil. There 

 are two broods in the year, and the beetles that emerge 

 in autumn hybernate. In " Farm Insects," p. 104, Mr. 

 Curtis attributes to this species damage done to Turnips ; 

 and, in 1881, Mr. Fryer drew attention to it as destruc- 

 tive to Mustard and Cabbages. In Ormerod's " Report " 

 for 1882, pp. 74-76, there is an account of the ravages 

 of these insects in the Fen District of England, especially 

 around Whittlesea, where the beetles prove so destruc- 

 tive to cultivated Mustards, Cress, Eape, and Cole, " that, 

 in six or seven days, they will completely destroy a field 

 of twelve acres, and leave nothing but the bare stalks." 

 To garden produce of the same sort, they are also very 

 hurtful. They are common in most parts of Britain, 

 frequenting plants of various kinds in damp places; and, 

 possibly, it will be found that they are dangerous to 

 farm and garden produce only in damp districts, like 

 the Fens in England. 



Remedies. Burning stubble, and rubbish of all kinds, 

 is one means of destroying many of the beetles in 

 their winter retreats. A change of crop for a year 

 or two is recommended, with a view of starving out the 

 insects ; but, since they are common on Brooklime, Bitter- 

 cress, and other plants inhabiting damp localities, this 

 method can hardly be fully successful, except under special 

 conditions. Probably, dressings such as have been found 

 useful in attacks of a similar kind by other insects on 

 Turnips, &c., would be found useful, e.g., gas lime, soot, 

 or sulphur, scattered alone or mixed, while the dew is 

 on the plants, or after a shower. Probably, hand-picking 

 would suffice to protect garden produce from serious 

 injury. Anything that promotes vigorous, healthy growth 

 is of much value in enabling the plants to resist injury 

 from the attacks of the larvae. 



FHJEDRANASSA (from phaidros, gay, and anassa, 

 a queen ; alluding to the beauty of the flowers). Queen 

 Lily. Including Leperiza (in part). ORD. Amaryllideai. 

 A genus comprising about six species of stove, green- 

 house, or half-hardy bulbous plants, natives of the Andes 

 of South America. Flowers showy, umbellate, reflexed ; 

 perianth greenish-red or two-coloured, narrow funnel- 

 shaped or nearly cylindrical, the lobes long, narrow, and 

 connivent, shortly spreading at the apex; involucral 

 bracts two, or rarely three, narrow-linear ; scape fistular. 

 Leaves petiolate, narrow or rather broadly oblong. The 

 species thrive best in a strong, yellow loam ; when under 

 greenhouse treatment, they should be kept comparatively 

 dry during the winter months. The most suitable situa- 

 tion for them in the open air is under a south wall. 

 Propagated by offsets. 

 P. Carmioli (Carmiol's).* /. bright red, tipped with green, six to 



eight, drooping, about 2in. long ; scape about 2ft. high. I. erect, 



lanceolate, as Ions as the scape, including the st ;k. Costa Rica, 



1868. Stove. (Ref. B. 46 ) 



Phsedraiiassa continued. 



P. chloracea (greenish-yellow), fl. purplish-rose, tipped with 

 green, upwards of 2in. long, with convolute limb segments, h. lift 

 Peru, 1844. Greenhouse. (B. R. 1845, 17.) P. Musa is a form 

 with more obtuse segments. 



P. eucrosioides (Eucrosia-like).* fl. drooping, about lin. long, 

 with a green tube and red segments ; umbel three or four- 

 flowered ; scape terete, 12in. to!5in. long. /. one or two, petioled, 

 oblong, acute, developing after the flowers. Ecuador, 1878. 

 Stove. SYN. Leperiza eucrosioides. 



P. Lehmanni (Lehmann's).* fl. scarlet, nodding, three in a pedun- 

 culate umbel ; perianth tubular, lin. long, with shortly spreading 

 tips ; stamens much exserted. I. solitary, stalked, elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, acute, dark green above, glaucous beneath. Columbia, 1884. 

 Stove. (R. G. 1138.) 



P. obtusa (blunt). A form of P. chloracea. 



P. rubro-viridis (red and green).* fl., perianth liin. long ; seg- 

 ments pale on the borders, keeled with green in the upper 

 quarter, the rest with bright red ; pedicels and spathe Jin. to Jin. 

 long ; scape slender, bearing a few-flowered umbel. April. 

 1. bright green, rather fleshy, acuminate, 1ft. or more long, three 

 to four lines broad. Andes. Greenhouse. The correct name of 

 this plant is Eustephia coccinea. 



P. schizantha (cut-flowered). /. contemporary with the leaves ; 

 perianth tube green, very short; segments bright red, shading off 

 to salmon-colour at the tips, connivent, nearly liin. long. 

 October. Pasto, Columbia, 1800. Stove or greenhouse. 



P. viridlflora (green-flowered). /. greenish-yellow, nodding, 

 narrow-funnel-shaped, about four in an umbel ; scape terete, 1ft. 

 long. 1. lanceolate, under 1ft. long, about IJin. broad, bright 

 green. 1877. Greenhouse. 



FH2ENOCODON. A synonym of Lapageria 

 (which see). 



PH2ENOCOM A (from phaino, to shine, and tome, hair ; 

 referring to the colour and nature of the involucre). ORD. 

 Compositce. A monotypic genus. The species is a hand- 

 some, small, hard-wooded, evergreen shrub, separated from 

 the genus Helichrysum by the central florets of the head 

 being males only, and not hermaphrodite. It has a 

 peculiar and interesting hoary appearance at all seasons 

 of the year. The plant commences to blossom when in a 

 small state, and remains in full beauty for nearly three 

 months. It thrives best in good, brown, fibrous peat and 

 coarse silver sand: proper drainage and watering are 

 important elements in its culture. The best position for 

 this plant in the greenhouse is one as near to the glass 

 as possible ; and, during summer and autumn, it may be 

 kept in a cold pit, where plenty of air can be admitted 

 on all fine days. Eepotting may be done when the plants 

 start into active growth during spring. Propagation is 

 effected by cuttings of the young side shoots, getting firm 

 at the base, inserted in sand over peat, in a very gentle 

 heat. 



P. prollfera (proliferous).* fl.-heads crimson, terminal, large, 

 solitary ; involucre of many rows of scales, the outer of which 

 are short and appressed, and the inner long, radiating, shiny, 

 and of a handsome rose-purple colour. Summer. I. glabrous, 

 very small, scale-like, imbricated, h. 4ft. Cape of Good Hope, 

 1789. A variety known as Bamesii has its heads of a deeper 

 crimson colour. SYNS. Elichrysum proliferum (B. M. 2365; 

 B. R. 21), Xeranthemum proliferum (A. B. R. 374). 



PHJENOGAMOUS. A term applied to such plants 

 as are visibly furnished with sexual organs. 



PHJENOGAMS. One of the two sub-kingdoms into 

 which plants are divided. Phaenogams, or Phanerogams, 

 include all those plants which are provided with stamens, 

 and ovules which, after fertilisation, become seeds con- 

 taining an embryo. The two classes into which Phaeno- 

 gams are divided are : Dicotyledons, or Exogens, and Mono- 

 cotyledons, or Endogens. Each of these classes is again 

 sub- divided into groups, and these again into natural 

 orders. 



FH22NOFODA. A synonym of Fodotheca (which 

 fee). 



PHJENOSPERMA (from phaino, to shine, and 

 sperma, a seed ; alluding to the glistening seeds). ORD. 

 Graminece. A monotypic genus. The species is a tall, 

 hardy grass, thriving in any common soil. It may be 

 increased by seeds, sown in spring. 



