AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



133 



Fine Bark Beetles continued. 



Remedies. The Beetles prefer to lay their eggs under 

 the bark of tree-stumps, cut branches, brushwood, &c. : 

 hence, it is advisable to remove and burn all such refuse, 

 without delay, except so much as may be left as a trap to 

 attract the females ; and this also should be burned after 

 the purpose is served. The traps should be renewed every 

 three or four weeks, while the Beetles are out, i.e., from 

 early spring till the end of July, and again in late autumn, 

 since some species appear in autumn, and hybernate. All 

 diseased plants, if small, should be uprooted and burned. 

 Badly- diseased trees, if too large to be entirely burned, 

 should have the bark stripped off and burned. It is 

 hardly possible to do anything to preserve a tree that 

 has been severely attacked, more especially as it is almost 

 always suffering from other causes ; and the better course 

 is to uproot and destroy all such trees at once. If the 

 attack is slight, and the tree is a valuable one, it may be 

 possible to stop the evil by measures to promote the 

 growth of the tree, thereby rendering it nnsuited to the 

 taste of the insects. An insecticide, such as Gishurst's 

 Compound or petroleum, may also be injected into such 

 holes as can be discovered in the bark, in order to 

 destroy the beetles or larvae in them. 



FINE-BARREN BEAUTY. See Pyxidantnera 

 barbnlata. 



FINE, BLACK. See Finns anstriaca. 



FINE BUD MOTH, or FINE BUD TORTKIX. 

 See Retinia. 



FINE, CLUSTER. See Finns Pinaster. 

 FINE, DAMMAR. See Dammara. 

 FINE, KAURI. See Dammara anstralis. 

 FINELLIA (a commemorative name, given to this 

 genus by Tenore). STNS. Atherurus, Hemicarpurus. 

 OKD. AroidecB (Aracece). A genus comprising three or 

 four species of hardy, tuberous herbs, natives of North 

 China and Japan. Flowers all fertile ; spathe mar- 

 cescent, the tube convolute, the blade oblong and con- 

 cave; spadix naked at base, the appendix worm-like, 

 elongated, exserted ; peduncle solitary. Leaves tri- or 

 pedati-sect, membranous; segments oblong-lanceolate or 

 elliptic, acute ; petioles elongated, sometimes bearing 

 gam at apex. The species described below thrives in 

 any sandy, well-drained border. It is readily propa- 

 gated by division during winter, or at any time before 

 growth has too far advanced. 



P. tuberifera (tube-bearing), fl., spathe with a narrow-cylin- 

 dricai tube and an oblong lamina ; spadix with a filiform 

 appendage, twice as long as the lamina of the spathe. I., adults 

 trisected; segments oblong-elliptic, acute at both ends, the 

 middle one nearly or quite twice the size of the lateral ones ; 

 petioles bearing tubercles. Japan, &c. 



FINE LOFHTRUS. See Fine Sawflies. 

 FINE, MORETON BAY. A common name for 

 Araucaria Bidwillii. 



FINE, NORFOLK ISLAND. See Arancaria 

 excelsa. 



FINE SAWFLIES. Under Lophyms and Lyda 

 will be found some general remarks on the Sawflies that 

 belong to these genera. The species are all more or less 

 hurtful to Conifers, but Lophyrus Pini is the one generally 

 denoted by the name of Pine Sawfly. The insects are 

 heavy-bodied, with four transparent wings, which often 

 show a play of iridescent colours. In the male they 

 reach about |in., and in the female about fin., in their 

 expanse. The male is black. The female is pale yellowish- 

 white, with black head, antennae, and breast ; and the 

 back between the wings, and a large patch on the ab- 

 domen, are black. The eggs are laid on the leaves, in 

 slits made by the females. The larvse feed in company, 

 eating the leaves from the tips downwards, and also 



Fine Sawflies continued. 



gnawing the bark of the young twigs, and thus doing 

 great damage to the Scotch Fir. They are usually light 

 greenish-yellow in colour, more rarely pale yellow, or dark 

 green above, and are sprinkled with minute black granules. 

 The head is brown, with dark spots. When full-fed, the 

 larvae crawl under moss and leaves, or into crevices, and 

 spin oval cocoons, about in. long, of very compact 

 texture, and usually dull brown in colour. 



The other Sawflies most injurious to Firs and to other 

 Conifers in Britain, are the following : Lophyrus frutetorum, 

 L. sertiferus (L. rufa), and L. virens ; and of the genus 

 Lyda the most hurtful are L. erythrocephalus, L. nemorum, 

 and Ir. stellatus. In their general appearance and habits, 

 they agree with Lophyrus Pini, differing only in minor 

 details. It is unnecessary to enter into descriptions of 

 the different species, since they are so much alike ; the 

 same means of destruction may be employed against all 

 of them. 



Remedies. Moss, loose bark, and other debris, amongst 

 which the cocoons are spun, should be collected and 

 burned. The larvae may be hand-picked from the branches, 

 or crushed on them, with good results. Naphtha and 

 solutions of Hellebore have also been directed upon them 

 successfully. They may be shaken from larger trees, and 

 crushed tinder foot ; or they may be prevented from re- 

 ascending by putting a belt of any sticky compound 

 round the stems of the trees. 



FINE; SCREW. See Fandanns. 



FINE STRAWBERRY. See Fragaria 



clii- 



lensis grandinora. 



FINE WEEVILS. Hylobius Abietis is a beetle 

 very hurtful to the Scotch Fir, and to various other 

 Conifers, as it feeds, in the perfect state, on the bark of 

 the young shoots. It is seldom very destructive in 

 gardens, or in pleasure-grounds, but does most harm 

 amongst young trees growing in the neighbourhood of 

 recently-felled plantations, where brushwood, &c., has 

 been lying about for some time. The beetles are iin. 

 to fin. long, dull black, with scattered tuft.-; of yellow 

 hairs. The thorax is narrowed in front, and the head 

 is small, and bears a decurved proboscis, on which are 

 the antennae, abruptly elbowed at the tip of the long 

 first or basal joint. The wing-cases are rough, with 

 lines of pits and tubercles, and there are numerous small 

 pits on the head. The beetles appear from May to July. 

 They gnaw the buds and the bark of the twigs, inter- 

 fering, in this way, with the development of the trees. 

 The eggs are laid in crevices on stumps of Firs, on logs, 

 and on cut branches; and the white, legless larvae, on 

 hatching, burrow into the wood, and feed on it, making 

 galleries that increase in size with their own growth. 

 At the end of the burrow, a cocoon is formed, by the 

 full-fed larva, of the fragments gnawed by it in making 

 the gallery. Here, in spring, it becomes a pupa, in which 

 state it passes about four weeks. 



Pissodes notatus and P. Pini belong to a genus closely 

 allied to Hylobius, and are not less hurtful. They are, how- 

 ever, easily known from that genus by having the antennae 

 in the middle of the narrowed beak, while Hylobius has 

 them situated quite near its tip. The thorax also is 

 broader compared with the wing-cases. Both species 

 of Pissodes are rather smaller than Hylobius Abietis. 

 In general appearance and colour, they agree not a little 

 with that beetle. They are of a pitchy-brown colour, 

 but this is modified by a coating of yellowish-white 

 scales or hairs, more conspicuous in certain parts. 

 Their general appearance is shown in Fig. 157. Both 

 are about in. long. The larva? of P. notatus live 

 under the bark of living trees of good size; and those 

 of P. Pini in old stumps, &c., making winding galleries, 

 in which, when full-fed, they spin oval cocoons of frag- 

 ments of wood and silk. The beetles emerge from July 



