AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



141 



Pinus continued. 



trouble and expense of treating the plants with any of 

 the washes or other substances that are successful 

 against Aphides in general, except, perhaps, for the 

 protection of very choice young plants. 



The appropriate treatment to prevent or to remedy 

 the attacks of insect foes will be found under the 

 various headings referred to, except for the leaf-de- 

 stroying moths. For these, the most successful treatment 

 will be found to be beating or jarring the branches, 

 and crushing all larvae that fall to the ground. 



FIG. 173. BRANCH OF PINUS CONTORT*. 



P. aristata (awned-coned). 1. in fives, thickly set all round 

 the branches, three-sided, abruptly pointed, entire, exuding 

 white resin on their surfaces ; those on young trees lin. to IJm. 

 long, half a line wide ; on old specimens, scarcely lin. long, 

 thickly placed all round the branchlets. cones purplish-brown, 

 oval, blunt-pointed, often appearing as if varnished, 2iin. to 2Jm. 

 long, l*in. broad ; scales awned. Branches spreading, often con- 

 torted, covered with smooth, thin bark. A. 40ft. to 50ft. Cali- 

 fornia, 1870. (G. C. n. s., iv. 549.) 



P. australis (Southern). I. in threes, Sin. to 9in. long, brilliant 

 green, rather stout and reflexed when fully grown ; sheaths from 

 IJin. to 2in. long when young. Buds large, imbricated, and free 

 from resinous matter, cones Tin. to Sin. long, 2im. broad, of a 

 rich chestnut-brown colour, cylindrical, tapering to a blunt point 

 Branches few, robust, irregularly placed. h. 60ft. to 70ft. 

 Southern United States. Hardy in the Southern Counties. 



P. austriaca (Austrian).* Black Pine. I. rich, glossy dark 

 green, rigid, sharp-pointed, erect, rounded on one side, and 

 slightly channelled on the other, from 2iin. to 5in. long; sheaths 

 short, persistent, cones reddish-brown, 2in. to 3m. long, witn 

 less elevated, smooth and shining scales ; seeds winged, h. /bft. 

 to 100ft Austria, 1835. A handsome species, " sufficiently hardy 

 to develop its beauty in the bleakest and most exposed situa- 

 tions." Its method of propagation is similar to that described 

 for P. Pinaster, but the necessity of transplanting the one-year- 

 old seedlings is even greater, as otherwise the roots are defi- 

 cient in compactness, and grow in a straggling manner, wnicn 

 transplantation corrects and modifies. SYNS. P. Lancw 

 austriaca, P. nigra. (G. C. n. s., ix. i;75.) 



P. a. aurea (golden). A fine, free-growing form, with gold- 

 tinted foliage. 



Finns continued. 



P. Balfouriana (Balfour's). Fox-tail or Hickory Pine. I. light 

 green, rigid, short, very glaucous on the inner face, appressed, 

 forming tufts 1ft. or more long at the ends of the branches. 

 cones oval, about 2iin. long, and half as much in diameter ; 

 scales hard, coriaceous, with a small hook, curved upwards. 

 h. 40ft. to 50ft. California, 1852. An alpine species, usually with 

 a pyramidal outline. (G. C. n. s., v. 33^.) 



P. Benthamiana (Bentham's). A synonym of P. ponderosa. 



P. Bolanderi (Bolander's). A synonym of P. contorta. 



P. Bonrsieri (Boursier's). A synonym of P. contorta. 



P. Bungeana (Bunge's).* Lace-bark Pine. I. bright pale green, 

 rigid, triquetrous or three-angled, compressed and sharply pointed ; 

 sheaths short, deciduous, cones small. Branches long and 

 slender. A. 70ft. to 80ft. China, 1846. A beautiful and distinct 

 species, rare in cultivation. See Fig. 171. (G. C. n. s., xviiL 8.) 



P. Buonapartea (Buonaparte's). I. in fives, but sometimes six, 

 seven, eight, or nine in the same sheath, glaucous-green, angular 

 on the inner face, very slender, 5in. long, cones straight, nearly 

 cylindrical, lOin. to 12in. long, 3in. to 4in. in diameter ; seeds 

 large, with broad wings lin. long. Trunk straight, furnished 

 with long, slender branches in regular whorls, and pendent 

 branchlets 2ft. to 3ft. long. A. 130ft. Sierra Madre. A noble, 

 tolerably hardy tree. 



P. califomica (Californian). A synonym of P. insignia. 



P. carpatica (Carpathian). A synonym of P. Murjhus. 



P. Cembra (Cembra).* Swiss Stone Pine. I. marked with silver 

 lines, slender, flexible, triquetrous, three-angled, with rough 

 edges, 2in. to 5in. long ; sheaths small, deciduous, cones erect, 

 oval, Sin. to 4in. long ; scales smooth, terminating in a broad, 

 obtuse spine; seeds about Jin. long, edible. A. 50ft. to 150ft 

 Central Europe and Siberia, 1746. A very slow-growing species 

 with a close, erect, symmetrical habit, and remarkable in the 

 fact that the seeds do not vegetate until the second spring. 

 See Fig. 172. There are numerous varieties; that known as 

 pumila is a dwarf, stunted bush, rarely exceeding 4ft. in height ; 

 its leaves and cones are shorter than those of the type. 



P. chihuahuana (Chihuahua). I. in threes, very rarely in fours, 

 finely toothed along the edges, 2h?. to 3in. long, glaucous above, 

 light green beneath, cones lin. to l^in. long, smooth, egg-shaped, 

 h. 30ft. to 50ft Chihuahua Mountains, North Mexico. 



FIG. 174. CONE OF PINUS COULTERI (much reduced). 



P. contorta (twisted). I. bright green, small, from lin. to 2in. 

 long, cones ovoid, almost spherical, about liin. long, very per- 

 sistent. Branches numerous, sub-erect or spreading. A. 25ft. 

 to 30ft. California, 1831. This species, "in its young state, in 

 this country, is a compact, pyramidal, densely-branched tree, 

 with the branches much twisted or gnarled, and well furnished 

 with grass-green foliage" (Veitch). See Fig. 173. (G. C. n. s., 

 xix. 45.) SYNS. P. Bolanderi, P. Boursieri (F. d. S., 1854, 934 b). 



P. c. Murrayana (Murray's). This form makes a much taller, 

 and straighter tree than the type, from 80ft to 120ft. high, and 

 4ft to 6ft. in diameter, with light green leaves, mostly about 



