146 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Finns continued. 



deciduous point ; seeds winged. Branches spreading, shortjthe 

 lower ones dying off when in a young state. A. 50ft to 100 

 Britain. A well-known tree, of which there are several varieties 

 of little value. It grows best in a peaty soil, where the H 

 acts as cover, and affords protection to the young plant which 

 is better adapted for it than close herbage. When shifted to 

 different soil, the quality of the tree often degenerates, and the 

 wood becomes whiter and softer than in the original type. 

 See Figs. 186 and 187. (Sy. En. B. 1380.) 



P. 8. altaica (Altaian). A compact, pyramidal tree, with much 

 shorter and stiffer leaves, h. 50ft. Altai Mountains. 



P. 8. argentea (silvery). Cones and leaves of a beautiful silvery 



FIG. 188. PINUS SYLVESTRIS PAST1GIATA. 



P. 8. latlfoUa (hroad-leared). A robust and rapid-growing form, 

 having much broader, more glaucous, and longer leaves than any 

 other variety of P. sylvestris. 



P. 



. mpnophylla (one-leaved). A singular variety. The leaves 

 attached to each other throughput their length, and have 



them a twist, 

 " (Gordon, 



are -aiuicuea 10 eacn otner throughout their length s 

 the appearance of being united; but by giving them 

 they separate into two, like the ordinary Scotch Fir" 

 " Pinetum "). 



Finns continued. 

 P. s. variegata (variegated). I. variegated with pale straw- 



colour. 

 P. tubcrculata (tubercled). I. deep green, triquetrous, with an 



elevated rib running along the middle on the under side, twisted, 



the edges scabrous, cones varying in size, from 4in. to Sin. 



long; scales very prominent, deeply divided from each other. 



h. 25ft. to 40ft. California, 1847. A handsome species when in 



a young state. 



Several species, not mentioned in the foregoing list, are occa- 

 sionally seen in cultivation, but they are, as a rule, too tender for 

 our climate ; and several others are of no horticultural value. 



FIONANDBA. A synonym of Cyphomandra 

 (which see). 



PIONE A FORFICALIS (Garden Pebble Moth). An 

 insect living, in the larval state, on the leaves of Cabbages 

 and Horse-radish, as well as on Hedge Mustard and 

 other uncultivated Cruciferce. The moth is common 

 throughout the country. It is a little over lin. in spread 

 of wings. The front wings are rather pointed at the tip, 

 and in colour are dull straw-yellow, shaded with pale 

 brown; a brown line runs from, the tip to the middle of 

 the ^nner margin, and another nearly parallel to it, but 

 paler brown, crosses the middle of the wing, widening 

 towards the front margin into a dark, ill-defined spot. 

 There are also one or two other less distinct lines, run- 

 ning in the same general directions with these. The 

 body is pale, shining straw-yellow in colour, as are also 

 the hind wings, which have a brown marginal line, and 

 a brown line running parallel with it. The larva ha=i six 

 true legs and ten prolegs; it is yellowish-green, with a 

 darker green line down the middle of the back, and one 

 along each side, bordered above with a white line. The 

 head is brown. There are usually two broods in the year. 

 Some moths emerge in May. They lay eggs, and from 

 these emerge larvae, which feed on the plants named 

 above, usually between the leaves, under protection of a 

 thin web of threads. They turn, in the soil, into pupse, 

 from which moths emerge about August. These produce 

 a new brood of larvae, which feed up in autumn, to become 

 moths in the following May. The damage done by the 

 moths is seldom serioua, though the larva are trouble- 

 some in often being boiled between the leaves of Cabbages 

 and served at table. The only practicable remedies are 

 picking off the larvae and catching and killing the moths. 

 PIONY. See Fajonia. 



FIOPHILA AFII (Celery-stem Fly). A fly which 

 has been described by Professor Westwood, in the 

 " Gardeners' Chronicle," as injurious to Celery. The 

 yellowish - white maggots burrow, during winter and 

 spring, in the stems, eating their way upwards, and 

 leaving borrows of a rusty-red colour in the tissues. 

 They are blunt behind, but taper in front, and have two 

 black hooks in the front end. The maggots change into 

 pupaa in the stem, and the flies emerge in May. They 

 are of a glossy black colour, with a coat of golden-grey 

 hairs ; the head is chestnut-brown, with a black apex ; 

 the two wings are clear, with yellow veins ; and the legs 

 are straw-coloured, with dusky feet. The spread of 

 wings is a little over in., the length of head and body 

 hardly Jin. 



Remedy. The only useful remedy seems to be the 

 burning of all plants showing signs of disease, to prevent 

 the injury from spreading. 



FIFES (old Latin name, akin to the Greek Peperi, 

 and Sanscrit Pippala). Pepper. Including Artanthe, 

 Chavica, Cubeba, Pothomorphe, &c. OED. Piperacece. A 

 vast genus (upwards of 600 species have been described) 

 of stove, rarely nearly hardy, shrubs, sometimes climbing, 

 rarely trees or tall herbs, with branches often articulated 

 at the nodes ; they are broadly dispersed over the warmer 

 regions of the globe, and are very numerous in tropical 

 America. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, densely 

 cylindrical-spicate or rarely sub-racemose, subtended by 

 peltate, adnate, or concave bracts; perianth none; 



