258 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Pyrola -continued. 



perennial, very glabrous, stolon - bearing, stemless or 

 caulescent herbs (one species leafless), natives of Europe 

 (Britain), North and Central Asia, and North America, 

 including Mexico. Flowers white, yellow, pink, or pale 

 purple, on erect, bracteate, racemose scapes, nodding; 

 calyx five-parted, persistent; petals five, concave, sessile, 

 more or less incurved-connivont ; stamens ten. Leaves 

 radical or cauline, alternate, usually long-stalked, per- 

 sistent, entire or serrated. Several species are very 

 pretty, and well worth growing. They thrive in thin, 

 mossy copses, on light, sandy, vegetable soil, or in moist 

 and half-shady parts of the rockwork or fernery. Pro- 

 pagated by division. 



P. elllptica (elliptic). fl. white, campanulate, with a grateful 

 smell; racemes elongated, few-flowered, rather secuncl. June 

 and July. I. cuneate-oblong, coriaceous, acute at base, twice 

 as long as the narrow petioles, the margins remotely toothed or 

 quite entire, h. 6in. North America, 1818. (H. F. B. A. 134.) 

 P. maculata (spotted). A synonym of Chimaphila maculata. 

 P. media (intermediate), ft. white, tinged with red, Jin. in 

 diameter ; racemes many-flowered ; pedicels scattered. July 

 and August. 1. orbicular-ovate, crenate, sometimes l|in. in 

 diameter. /. 4in. Europe (Britain). (Sy. En. B. 897.) 

 P. minor (smaller), fl. white, tinged with red, drooping, globose, 

 lin. in diameter ; raceme short ; scape 8in. to 12in. long, slender. 

 June to August. I. orbicular-ovate, obscurely crenate, usually 

 arranged in a rosette, but sometimes alternate, coriaceous, lin. to 

 Hin. long, contracted into the longer petiole. Europe (Britain), 

 North America. (F. D. 55 ; Sy. En. B. 838.) 



P. rotundifolia (round-leaved).* fl. pure white, fragrant, from 

 ten to twenty in a drooping raceme on an erect stem 6in. to 12in. 

 high. Summer. I. roundish, quite entire or crenulated, shorter 

 than the dilated petioles, h. 6in. Europe (Britain). (F. D. 1816 ; 

 Sy. En. B. 895.) The variety arenaria (Sy. En. B. 8%), found 

 on sandy sea -shores, differs from the type in having smaller 

 leaves, and pedicels as long as the ovate sepals, and, generally, 

 several scale-like bracts below the inflorescence. Both the type 

 and its variety are exceedingly pretty plants for rockwork, and 

 prefer a sandy soil. 



P. sccunda (side-flowering).* /. greenish-white, horizontal, iin. 

 in diameter ; racemes secund, lin. to 2in. long ; scape slender, 2in. 

 to 5in. long. July. I. ovate, acute, serrate, lin. to liin. long, 

 rosulate or alternate, rather thin, reticulate ; petioles shorter. 

 Stem straggling ; branches lin. to 4in. long, ascending. Europe 

 (Britain), West Asia, North America. (F. D. 402 ; Sy. En. B. 

 899.) 



P. umbellata (umbelled). A synonym of Chimaphila corymbosa. 

 P. nniflora (one-flowered). A synonym of Moneses uniflora. 



PYROLIRION. Included under Zepkyranthes 

 (which see). 



PYROSTEGIA IGNEA. A synonym of Bignonia 

 venusta. 



PYRRHEIMA. Included under Tradescantia 



(which see). 



PYRULARIA (a diminutive from Pyrus, the Pear ; 



in allusion to the form of the fruit, which, in the 



original species, is like a small Pear). SYNS. Hamiltonia, 



Sphcerocarya. OBD. Santalacece. A. genus comprising 



only a couple of species of deciduous trees or shrubs, 



one North American, the other Himalayan. Flowers 



cymulose at the tips of the branches, or in the upper 



axils; cymelets forming a terminal, compound raceme, 



or a raceme-like panicle ; fertile flowers usually few at 



the tips of the branches, often twin or solitary. Drupe 



ovoid or sub-globose, rather large. Leaves alternate, 



shortly pedicellate, membranous. The only species in 



cultivation is a half-hardy shrub ; it thrives in sandy 



loam, and may be increased by cuttings. 



P. oleifera (oil-bearing). Buffalo, Elk, or Oil Nut. /. greenish ; 



spike small, few-flowered, terminal. May. Jr. lin. long. I. ob' 



ovate-oblong, acute, or pointed at both ends, soft, very veiny 



minutely pellucid-dotted, h. 3ft. to 12ft. North America 1800 



Plant minutely downy when young, at length glabrous, imbued 



with an acrid oil, especially the fruit. SYN. P. pubera. 



P. pubera (downy). A synonym of P. oleifera. 



FYRUS (the old Latin name used by Pliny for the 

 Pear-tree). Apple, Pear, Service, &c. Including Mains 

 and Sorbus. Cydonia and Mespilus are also included, by 

 Bentham and Hooker, under this genus; but, for horti- 



Pyrus continued. 



cultural purposes, they are kept distinct in this work. 

 Some of the plants met with in gardens under the 

 generic name of Aronia belong here. ORD. Rosacece. 

 A genus comprising from thirty-five to forty species of 

 hardy trees or shrubs, inhabiting the temperate regions 

 of the Northern hemisphere, and the mountains of the 

 East Indies. Flowers in terminal cymes, rarely corym- 

 bose, or reduced to one or two flowers ; bracts subulate, 

 deciduous ; calyx tube urceolate or rarely turbinate ; 

 petals five, sub-orbiculate, shortly unguiculate. Fruit 

 fleshy, ovoid, globose, or pyriform. Leaves alternate, 

 deciduous, petiolate, simple or pinnate, often serrate; 

 stipules deciduous. The species are readily raised from 

 seeds, in the way mentioned under Apple and Pear ; 

 the garden varieties and weaker-growing, ornamental 

 species are most readily propagated by grafting or bud- 

 ding on the Apple or Pear stocks. Except where other- 

 wise stated, the flowers in the under-mentioned species 

 are white. 



P. acerba (sour). A synonym of P. Mains acerba. 

 P. amcricana (American). American Mountain Ash. fl. in large, 

 flat cymes. June. fr. bright red, globose, not larger than peas, 

 disposed in clusters. I. odd-pinnate ; leaflets thirteen to fifteen, 

 lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply serrate, with pointed teeth, 

 rather shining above, and scarcely pale beneath. Northern 

 United States, &c., 1782. Tree or tall shrub. (W. D. B. i. 54.) 

 SYN. Sorbug ainericana. 



P. a. microcarpa (small-fruited). This variety is only dis- 

 tinguished from the type by its smaller fruits. 

 P. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). fl. rose-colour, with distinct 

 styles. April. I. simple, oblong or lanceolate, often acute at 

 the base, mostly toothed, glabrous, h. 20ft. North America, 

 1750. Tree. " Perhaps a variety of P. curonaria " (Asa Gray). 

 (B. B. 1207; W. D. B. 132.) 



P. arbutitolia (Arbutus-leaved).* Choke-berry, fl. white or 

 tinged with purple ; cymes woolly. May and June. fr. red or 

 purple, pear-shaped, or, when ripe, globular. I. simple, oblong or 

 obovate, finely serrate woolly beneath. A. 2ft. to 10ft. North 

 America, 1700. Shrub. (B. M. 3668.) SYN. P. floribunda 

 (B. B. 1006). 



P. a. melanocarpa (black-fruited). This only differs from the 

 type in its somewhat larger leaves and dark purple fruit. 

 SYN. P. grandifolia (B. B. 1154). 



P. Aria.* Aria ; White Beam-tree, fl. iin. in diameter, in loose 

 corymbs. May and June. fr. dotted with red, iin. in diameter, 

 sub-globose. I. simple or pinnatitid, rarely pinnate at base, 2in. 

 to 6in. long, very variable, glabrous above, plaited, coarsely and 

 irregularly serrate, deeply lobed, white and flocculent beneath. 

 h. 4ft. to 40ft. 'Europe (Britain), &c. Bush or small tree. 

 (Sy. En. B. 482.) The following are defined by Mr. Boswell 

 as sub-species : 



P. A. latifolia (broad-leaved). 1. from ovate-oblong to sub- 

 orbicular, more or less lobed, grey-tomentose beneath ; lobes 

 deltoid, serrate-acuminate, the nerves five to nine on each side, 

 less prominent beneath. This approaches P. tonninalis. 

 P. A. rnpioola (rock-loving), fr. inclining to carmine, Jin. in 

 diameter. 1. obovate-oblong, lobed above, snow-white beneath ; 

 nerves five to eight on each side. 



P. A. scandica (Scandinavian). I. less coriaceous than in 

 the type, oblong, deeply lobed or pinnatifid, glabrous above, 

 clothed with a loose grey tomentum beneath ; lobes oblong or 

 rounded. Arctic Europe. 



P. Aucuparia (fowler's).* Mountain Ash ; Bowan-tree. Jl. 

 cream-white, in. in diameter ; pedicels and calyces villous ; 

 3ter, compound, corymbose, dense- 

 r. scarlet, with yellow flesh, globose, 



cymes 4in. to 6in. in diameter, compound, corymbo 

 flowered. May and June. fr. scarlet, with yellow fles 

 Jin. in diameter. I. 5in. to Sin. long, pinnate ; leaflets six to 

 eight pairs, lin. to liin. long, linear-oblong, sub-acute, ser- 

 rate, pale beneath, and hairy along the midrib and nerves, 

 glabrous beneath when old, or nearly so. h. 10ft. to 30ft. 

 Europe (Britain), Siberia, &c. Tree. (Sy. En. B. 486.) Of this 

 species there are many varieties, the principal of which are : 

 fastiyiata, a form of strict, erect, habit ; fructu luteo, with 

 yellow fruit ; pendula, with weeping branches ; and variegata, 

 with variegated leaves. 



P. baccata (berried).* fl., calyx lobes deciduous; peduncles 

 crowded. April and May. fr. yellow, tinged with red, roundish, 

 about the size of a cherry. I. ovate, acute, equally serrated, 

 glabrous, the length of the petioles, h. 15ft to 20ft. Siberia and 

 Dahuria, 1784. Tree. The pulp of the fruit is used, in Siberia, 

 for making quasar punch. (B. M. 6112.) 



P. betulrefolia (Birch-leaved), fl. disposed in sessile umbels, 

 appearing before the leaves ; anthers deep red. fr. brownish, 

 dotted with white, small, sub-globose. I. whitish, on long 

 petioles, elliptic, acute at both ends, serrate, 2in. long, lin. broad. 

 a, 187.9. Shrub. 



China, 



See Fig. 334. (B. H. 1879, 318.) 



