AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



265 



Quercus continued. 



L entire, 3in. to 5in. long, lanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse at 

 ate, pale and downy beneath, borne on short 

 North America. Deciduous. 



each end, mucronate, 

 petioles. A. 40ft. to 50ft, 

 Q. incana (hoary), fl., catkins slender, often lin. long. fr. solitary, 

 twin, or in threes ; cup, when young, covered with ovate, adpressed, 

 pubescent scales ; nut ovoid-oblong, half as long again as the cup. 

 I. ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, 

 remotely serrated except at base, stellate-puberuloui above, 

 minutely stellate-tomentose beneath. Young branches velvety- 

 hoary. h. 40ft. Nepaul, 1818. Evergreen. SYN. Q. lanata. 



Q. inversa (inverted-fruited). A synonym of Q. thalassica. 



Q. lanata (woolly). A synonym of Q. incana. 



Q. libani (Lebanon), fr. solitary, sub-sessile ; cup campanulate, 

 jin. to lin. long, with thick, greyish-velvety, adpressed scales ; 

 nut broadly ellipsoid, depressed at apex, slightly or twice exceed- 

 ing the cup. L ovate-lanceolate, acute, obtuse or acute at base, 

 Bin. to Sin. long, eight to fifteen lines broad, deeply crenate- 

 serrate, glabrous above, the young ones minutely stellate- 

 puberulous beneath, h. 30ft. Syria, 1870. (R, H. 1872, 155, and 

 1877, 17) The form pendula has pendulous branches. 



Q. lyrata (lyrate). Over-cup Oak ; Water White Oak. fr. sessile, 

 lin. long ; cup round-ovate, with rugged scales, almost covering 

 the rotindish nut. I. 5in. to Sin. long, shortly stalked, crowded 

 at the ends of the branchlets, obovate-oblong, acute at the base, 

 seven to nine-lobed, white-tomentpse beneath, or at length 

 smoothish, shining above ; lobes triangular, acute, and entire. 

 A. 50ft. North America, 1786. Deciduous. 



Q. macrocarpa (large-fruited). Burr Oak ; Mossy -cup White 

 Oak. fr., cup very variable, especially in size, deep, thick, and 

 woody, conspicuously imbricated with hard and thick, pointed 

 scales, the upper ones owned, so as to make a mossy-fringed 

 border ; nut broadly ovoid, lin. to IJin. long, half immersed in, 

 or entirely inclosed by, the cup. I. obovate or oblong, lyrately 

 pinnatifld or deeply sinuate-lobed, or nearly parted, irregular, 

 downy or pale beneath, 4in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad ; 

 lobes sparingly and obtusely toothed, or the smaller ones entire. 

 A. 30ft. North America. A handsome, deciduous tree. (E. T. S. M. 

 149.) Q. olivasfvrmii is regarded, by Professor Asa Gray, as a mere 

 form of this species, with oblong cups and nuts, and narrower 

 and more deeply lobed leaves. 



Q. montana (mountain). A synonym of Q. Prinus. 



Q. nigra (black).* Barren or Black Jack Oak. fr. sub-sessile, 

 solitary or twin ; cup top-shaped, coarse-scaly ; nut short, ovoid. 

 I. broadly cuneate, but sometimes rounded or obscurely cordate 

 at the base, widely dilated and somewhat trilobed (rarely flve- 

 lobed) at the summit, occasionally with one or two lateral, con- 

 spicuously bristle-tipped lobes or teeth, rusty-pubescent beneath, 

 shining above, 4in. to 9in. long. A. 8ft. to 25ft. North America, 

 1739. Deciduous. SYN. Q. ferruginea. 



Q. obtusiloba (obtuse-lobed). A synonym of Q. stellata. 



Q. olivseformts (Olive-shape-fruited). A variety of Q. macrocarpa. 



Q. palustris (marsh-loving). Pin Oak. fl., catkins pilose ; cup 

 flat saucer-shaped, five to seven lines broad, sometimes contracted 

 into a short scaly base or stalk, five-scaled, very much shorter 

 than the ovoid or globose acorn, which is five to seven lines long. 

 I. deeply pinnatifiil, with divergent lobes and broad rounded 

 sinuses. A. 60ft. North America, 1800. Deciduous. (E. T. S. M. 

 167.) 



Q. pannonica (Hungarian). A synonym of Q. conferta. 



Q. pectinata (comb-like). A synonym of Q. pedunculata filicifolia. 



Q. pednnculata (peduncled).* fr., cup imbricated ; nut oblong ; 

 stalk elongated. I. oblong, smooth, dilated upwards; sinuses 

 rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Branches spreading, tortuous. A. 50ft. 

 to over 100ft. Europe (Britain), &c. Deciduous. A sub-species 

 of Q. Robur. (Sy. En. B. 1288.) The following are varieties : 



Q. p. Concordia (Concordia).* I. bright yellow, maintaining 

 their colour throughout the season. In places where this variety 

 succeeds well, it is one of the most effective of golden-foliaged 

 trees. (L H. xiv. 537.) 



Q. p. fastigiata (pyramidal). A handsome tree, with erect, 

 pyramidal branches ; in general form it resembles the Lombardy 

 Poplar. (G. C. n. s., xix. 179.) SYNS. Q. cupresnoides, Q. pyra- 

 midalis (of gardens). 



O. p. filicifolia (Fern-leaved). I. with narrow lobes almost cut 

 down to the midrib. SYN. Q. pectinata (G. C. n. s., xiv. 632). 



Q. p. heterophylla (variable-leaved).* I. variable in outline, 

 irregularly sinuate or lobed. 



O. p. Hodginsii (Hodgins'). L much smaller than in the type. 

 Habit pyramidal. 



O. p. pendula (pendulous). Weeping Oak. A variety with 

 pendulous branches. 



Q. p. purpurascens (purplish). I, young ones almost entirely 

 purple, very striking. Young shoots and footstalks tinged with 

 purple. 



Q. p. variegata (variegated). I. variegated with purple and 

 white. 



O. Phellos (Phellos).* Willow Oak. fl., catkins slender, half as 

 long as the leaves. Jr. solitary, sessile or very shortly peduucu- 



Quercus continued. 



late; cup saucer-shaped, with ovate, adpressed, obtuse silk* 

 scales ; nut usually one-half longer than the cup. I acute or 

 obtuse at base, linear-oblong, bristly-acuminate or cuspidate 

 entire or undulated, light green, 3in. to 4in. long. A. 50ft. North 

 America, 1723. Deciduous. 

 Q. P. clnerea (ashy-grey). A synonym of Q. cinerea. 



fr. on peduncles shorter 

 lin. wide, mostly tubercu- 



O. Prinus (Prinus). Chestnut Oak. 

 than the petioles; cup thick, iin. to 



late, withliard and stout scales, hoary, about half the length of 

 the edible nut, which is lin. or less long. L variable, obovlte or 

 oblong, with an obtuse or acute base, undulately crenate-toothed 

 minutely downy beneath ; the main primary ribs ten to sixteen 

 pairs, straight, prominent beneath. A. 20ft to 90ft North 

 America, 1730. Deciduous. SYN. Q. montana. 



O. P. tomentosa (tomentose). A synonym of P. tricolor. 



Q. pseudosuber. Bastard Cork-tree ; False Cork Oak. fl male 

 catkins numerous, 2in. long ; female flowers scattered, fr. few, 

 shortly pedunculate or sub-sessile ; cup Jin. to lin. long, hemi- 

 spherical or obovoid-turbinate ; scales greyish pubescent, at length 

 spreading or reflexed ; nut often twice as long as the cup. J. ob- 

 tuse or acute at base, ovate or oblong, 2Jin. to Sin. long, shortly 

 petiolate, toothed or crenate, mucronate, above sparsely, and 

 below thickly, white-pubescent: stipules narrow-linear, pubes- 

 cent. A. 50ft. South Europe, 1824. Evergreen. (K. E. E. 35.) 

 SYN. Q. Turneri. 



O. pyramidalis (pyramidal). A garden synonym of Q. pedun. 



cttlata faetiyiata. 



O. pyronaica (Pyrenean). A synonym of Q. Toza. 



hemi- 



scales ; nut'semi-exse'rted. 1. shortly petiolateo'r sub^sessiie, sub- 

 cordate or cordate at base, obovate, rounded at the apex, 2in. to 

 4in. long, liin. to Sin. broad mucronate, crenate-denticulate, or 

 almost entire, glabrescent above, fulvous-tomentose and reticu- 

 lated beneath. Young branches yellow-tomeutose. A. 10ft 

 Mexico, 1840. Half-hardy evergreen. 



Q. Robur (Robur). Black Oak ; Common Oak. Under this name 

 Hooker, De Candolle, and other eminent authorities, include 

 Q. pedunculata and Q. sesMijlora, the British representatives of 

 the genus, as sub-species ; but, for garden purposes, it is desirable 

 here to accord them specific rank. See also Oak. 



Q. rubra (red).* Champion or Red Oak. fr. , cup saucer-shaped 

 or flat, with a narrow, raised border (Jin. to lin. in diameter) o' 

 rather fine, closely adpressed scales, sessile or on a very shott 

 and abrupt, narrow stalk or neck, very much shorter than the 

 oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid nut, which is lin. or less in length. 

 /. acute or often obtuse at the base, elliptic or oblong, rather thin, 

 moderately (rarely very deeply) pinnatifid, turning dark red after 

 frost Bark of trunk dark grey, rather smooth. North America, 

 1769. A large tree. The wood is reddish and coarse-grained. 

 (E. T. & M. 169.) 



O. salicina (Willow-like). Willow Oak. fl., catkins shorter than 



reticulata (netted), fr. on long peduncles; cup h 

 spherical, pubescent, two to four lines long, with adpr 



the leaves, fr. solitary, on a short peduncle ; cup shortly hemi- 

 spherical, fin. broad, with five or six concentric zones ; nut 

 ellipsoid, much exserted. I. shortly petiolate, slightly acute or 

 obtuse at base, acuminate, entire or remotely serrate-denticulate, 

 coriaceous, glabrous above, and beneath when old ; young ones 

 adpressedly pilose beneath. Young branchlets pubescent 

 Japan, 1860. Evergreen shrub. SYN. Q. bambutoefolia. 



Q. sclerophylla (hard-leaved), of landley. fr. sessile, approxi- 

 mating ; cup sub-globose, iin. broad, tomentose, with adpressed 

 scales ; nut slightly protruding, pubescent. I. petiolate, ovate or 

 elliptic, sub-acute at base, obtuse and narrowed at apex, deeply 

 serrate, Sin. to 6in. long, liin. to Sin. broad, glabrous above, 

 glaucous-pubescent beneath. Branches glabrous. North China, 

 1850. Evergreen shrub. (L. & P. F. G. L 69.) 



O. sclerophylla (hard-leaved), of gardens. A synonym of 

 P. glandulifera. 



Q. serrata (serrated).* Japanese Silkworm Oak. fl., catkins 

 loose, pendulous, lin. to 2in. long; females in the axils, solitary 

 or twin, fr., cup hemispherical, seven to twelve lines broad, 

 with greyish-velvety scales, larger at the base ; nut ellipsoid, 

 scarcely exceeding the cup. I. obtuse or rarely acute at ba>c, 

 oblong or lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse, crenate-serrate, with 

 long, bristly teeth, 2in. to Sin. long, Jin. to 2in. broad, on petioles 

 iin. to lin. long ; young ones slightly silky ; adults glabrous. 

 Young branches silky-pubescent. A. 6ft Japan. Half-hardy 

 evergreen. (W. & F., Dec. 12, 1883.) 



Q. sessiliflora (sessile-flowered).* fr. sessile, or on a usually 

 shortened peduncle; nut oblong. I. on more or less elongated 

 petioles, oblong, smooth ; sinuses opposite, rather obtuse ; lobes 

 acute. A. 60ft. Britain. Deciduous. A sub-species of Q. Robur. 

 It may be distinguished from the closely-allied Q. pedunculata by 

 its less tufted appearance, the paler green of its foliage, its less 

 tortuous spray and branches, the lighter-coloured bark, the 

 larger buds, and by the stalked leaves being frequently retained, 

 after withering, until the following spring. The wopj of Q. sesirili- 

 flora is, moreover, darker, heavier, and more elastic than that of 

 Q. pedunculata ; the acorns, too, are sessile, or very shortly 

 stalked. (Sy. En. B. 1289.) 



2M 



