266 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Quercus continued. 

 0. s. cochleata (shell-shaped). The edges of the -leaves iin , tin 



form are curved upwards, and the upper surface is thus rendered 



more or less shell-shaped. 

 O. 8. Louetti (Louett's).* I. long, narrow, almost sessile, narrowed 



to both ends, about 5in. long and less than 1m. broad. 

 a. A. rubicunda (rubicund). I. rather deep red, especially in 



the earlier part of the summer. 

 0, Sklnneri (Skinner's). /, '^^SS^^JSXA 



/.long-stalked, 



obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, bristly-toothed on the mar- 

 gins and at apex ; young ones slightly puberulous; adults 

 glabrous. Young branches glabrous. Mexico. Shrub. (G. C. 

 1841, p. 116.) 



cup deep saucer-shaped, 

 of the nut, which is ovoid 



Q. stellata (starry) Post Oak. fr. 

 naked onTthird or one-half the length of 



in shape, iin. to Jin. long. I. greyish or yellowish-downy beneath, 

 pale and rough above, thickish, sinuately cut into live to seven 

 rounded, divergent lobes, the upper ones much larger and often 

 one to three-notched. North America, 1819. A deciduous tre, 

 rarely exceeding 50ft. in height. (E. T. S. M. 151.) SYN. Q. obtutn- 



FIG. 344. FRUIT AND LEAVES OF QUERCUS SUBER. 



O. Suber (probably derived from tuphar, bark).* Cork Oak; 

 Cork-tree, fr. often solitary, pedunculate or sessile ; cup obovate- 

 hemisphencal, obconical or rarely obtuse at base, iin. to fin. Ion" 

 and more broad, with velvety, erect and adpressed scales; nut 

 often exceeding the cup by one-half. I. usually Iin. to 2in. long, 

 iin. to liin. broad, on petioles two to six lines long, ovate, oval 

 or oblong, acute, toothed or rarely entire, glabrous above 

 beneath as well as on the branchlets, stellate-velvety-hoary! 

 Bark suberose. A. 25ft. South Europe, 1581. This evergreen 

 tree furnishes the cork of commerce. See Fig. 344. (K. E. E. 

 55 ; W. D. B. 80.) 



O. thalassica (sea-green). JL, catkins elongated, dense pilose 

 fr. many, approximating, sessile in spikes, on peduncles 2in. to 

 Sin i. long; cup five ImesWd, shortly hemispherical, tomentose, 

 T^badpressed, mucronat scales ; nut obovoid, eight lines iii 

 length long-exserted. I. acute or acuminate at base, elliptic or 

 obovate-oblong, slightly obtuse, acuminated, Sin. to 5in P long, 

 4m. to liin. broad, entire or shghtly serrated near the apex, 

 very glabrous above, jrlaucous-tomentose beneath. Branches 

 tomentose.^ ^China^ 1850. Evergreen shrub. SYN. Q. inversa 



O. ttnctorto (dyers'). Quercitron ; Black, Dyers', or Yellow- 

 barked Oak. fr., cup flat beneath; nut globose. I. downy 

 beneath obovate-oblong, dilated, widely sinuated, large turning 

 brownish, orange, or dull red, in the autumn, resembling those 6f 

 Q. coccmea, but having fewer lobes ; lobes short, obtusl shghtly 



Quercus continued. 



toothed, bristle-pointed. Bark dark-coloured and rough, h. 80ft 

 to 100ft. United States, 1800. (B. M. PL 251.) 

 Q. Toza (Toza).* fr. sessile or shortly pedunculate ; cup hemi- 

 spherical, four to six lines long, with loose, adpressed scales, 

 pubescent outside ; nut two to four times longer than the 

 cup, ovate-ellipsoid. I. ovate or oblong, 2in. to 4in. long, iin. 

 to lin. broad, variously pinnatifid, stellato-pilose above, very 

 densely stellato-rufous-tomentose beneath ; lobes ovate or oblong, 

 obtuse. South Europe, &c. Deciduous. (K. E. E. 22.) SYN. 

 Q. pyrenaica. 



Q. Turner! (Turner's). A synonym of Q. pseudosuber. 

 Q. Ungeri (Unger's). A synonym of Q. ^Egilopg. 

 Q. virens (green). Live Oak. fr. one to three on usually con- 

 spicuous peduncles ; cup turbinate, five to eight lines long, 

 greyish, with adpressed, slightly velvety scales ; nut oblong, ex- 

 ceeding the cup by one-half or more. I. Iin. to Sin. long, iin. to 

 liin. broad, oblong-elliptical, hoary beneath as well as on the 

 branches, entire or irregularly lobed-dentate. h. 40ft. or more. 

 North America, 1737. Evergreen. 



QUERNALES. A name given to plants which 

 agree in general characters with Quercus. 



QUESNELIA (named in honour of M. Quesnel, a 

 French Consul at Cayenne, who was the means of intro- 

 ducing the genus to Europe). SYN. Lievena. OBD. 

 Bromeliacece. A email genus (three or four species) of 

 stove, herbaceous, Brazilian plants, allied to Billbergia. 

 Sepals free above the ovary, ovate, imbricated ; petals 

 free, narrow, the apex dilated into a spreading lamina ; 

 stamens three, alternating with the petals ; inflorescence 

 cone-like, simple, ovoid or oblong, thick; peduncle ter- 

 minal, tall, clothed with spathe-like scales. Leaves 

 clustered, long, spinuloso-serrated. For culture, see Bill- 

 bergia. 



Q,. roseo-marginata (rose-margined). This is the correct 

 name of the plant described in this work as Billberyia rosea- 

 marsjinata. 

 Q. rufa (red). This is the proper name of the plant described in 



this work as Billbergia, Quesneliana. 



O. Van Houttei (Van Houtte's). fl. white, cobalt-blue at the 

 tips, crowded in many series, each subtended by a bract ; bracts 

 rose-coloured above, and clothed below with white down ; 

 inflorescence a large, cylindrical spike, borne on a scape lift, 

 to 2ft. high. I. numerous, armed with strong spines, some- 

 times banded with white beneath. (B. H. 1881, 18.) 



QUICKTHORN. A common name for Crattegus 



Oxyacantha. 



QUILL AI-TREE. See Quillaja saponaria. 



QUILLAJA (from the Chilian name, Quillai or 

 Cullay). SYN. Smegmadermos. OBD. Rosacece. A small 

 genus (three or four species) of very glabrous, green- 

 house, evergreen trees, some remarkable in possessing a 

 soap-like bark ; they are natives of South Brazil, Chili, 

 and Pern. Flowers rather large, tomentose ; lateral ones 

 male, central ones purplish ; calyx coriaceous, persistent, 

 five-lobed, valvate ; petals five, small, sessile, spathulate ; 

 pedicels bibracteolate ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 

 three to five-flowered. Leaves scattered, petiolate, 

 simple, thickly coriaceous, almost entire, veined. The 

 bark of the under-mentioned species contains a con- 

 siderable amount of carbonate of lime and other 

 mineral substances, also saponine, a vegetable-soap 

 principle, on which account it is used for washing and 

 cleaning clothes, &c. For culture, see Kageneckia. 

 Q. saponaria (Soapwort). Quillai, or Soap Bark-tree, fl. white, 



usually terminal, either solitary or from three to tive on a stalk. 



April. I. oval, mostly toothed, smooth, shining, short-stalked. 



h. 50ft to 60ft Chili, 1832. (R. H. 1873, 254.) 



QUINARY, QUINATE. Disposed in fives. 



QUINCE (Cydonia vulgaris). The Quince is a native 

 of Northern Persia, but naturalised throughout the Medi- 

 terranean region, &c., whence it was long since introduced 

 to this country. It forms a spreading, deciduous tree, 

 the branches of which are usually much contorted. The 

 fruits emit a powerful and rather peculiar perfume when 

 ripe, and are exceedingly acid and astringent in a raw 

 state. They are chiefly used for making a kind of mar- 

 malade, and other preserves, and for adding, in small 



