268 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Quisqualis continued. 



acuminate, entire. Q. indica thrives in a compost of 

 peat and loam, the latter preponderating. Propagation 

 may be effected by cuttings of the young shoots, taken 

 off with a heel, and inserted in sand, under a bell glass, 

 in bottom heat. The other species, Q. parviflora, a 

 native of Natal, is not in cultivation. 

 Q. glabra (smooth). A synonym of Q. indica. 

 Q. Indica (Indian).* Rangoon Creeper, fl. varying in colour from 



orange to red, beautiful, sweet-scented; petals oval-oblong, 



adpressedly pubescent. May to August. I. ovate, acuminate. 



Tropical Asia and Africa, 1815. Plant pubescent or glabrous. 



See Fig. 346. (B. M. 2033; B. R. 494.) SYNS. Q. glabra,, 



Q. pubescent, Q. ginensis(B. R. xxx. 15). 

 Q. pubcscens (downy). A synonym of Q. indica. 

 Q. sinensis (Chinese). A synonym of Q. indica. 



QUIVER-TREE. A common name for Aloe dicho- 

 toma. 



QUIVISIA (Bois de Quivi is the name given in the 

 Isle of France). OBD. Meliaceae. A genus comprising 

 five species of stove trees and shrubs, natives of the 

 Mauritius and Madagascar. Flowers axillary, solitary 

 or shortly cymose; calyx cupular, four or five-toothed, 

 persistent; petals four or five, oblong or linear, valvate 

 or imbricated. Leaves sub-opposite or alternate, simple, 

 entire or pinnately lobed on the same branches, shining 

 above, reticnlately veined. Q. heterophylla the only 

 species introduced requires a compost of sandy loam 

 and fibry peat. It may be increased by cuttings of 

 ripened shoots, inserted in sand, under a glass, in brisk 

 bottom heat. 

 Q. heterophylla (variable-leaved). /. white; pedicels twin, 



axillary, one-flowered. I. alternate, oval or obovate, entire, 



sinuate-toothed or pinnatifld. h. 10ft. to 15ft. Mauritius, 1822. 



This is placed, by Baker, together with several other forms, 



which have been described as species, under Q. mauritiana. 



RACE. " A variety of such fixity that it is repro- 

 duced by seed ; also used, in a looser and more extended 

 sense, for a series of related individuals, without par- 

 ticular regard for rank" (Asa Gray). 



RACEME. An inflorescence in which the flowers 

 are arranged singly, on distinct pedicels, along a common 

 axis. 



RACEMIFEROUS. Bearing racemes. 



RACEMOSE. In racemes; having the appearance 

 or character of a raceme. 



RACHIS. or RHACHIS. The axis of an inflores- 

 cence or of a compound leaf. 



RADEMACHIA. A synonym of Artocarpus. 



RADIATE. Spreading from, or arranged around, a 

 common centre, or around the circumference of a circle ; 

 e.g., the arms of an umbel, or the ligulate florets of 

 Composites. 



RADIO All. Of, belonging to, or proceeding from, a 

 root, or from a root-like portion of stem at or below 

 the surface of the soil. 



RADICANT. Booting. 



RADICEL, RADICELLA. A minute root; a 

 rootlei The tiny roots which appear on a young plant 

 at the time of germination. 



RADICIFIiOROTTS. Apparently flowering from 

 the root. 



RADICLE. The first root of a plant, rudimentary 

 in the embryo. 



RADICOSE. Having a large root. 



RADISH (Raphanus sativus). A hardy annual, cul- 

 tivated from a very early period, principally for the 

 use of its fleshy roots in salad preparations ; the seed- 



Radish. continued. 



pods are also sometimes used for pickling, when they 

 are young and green. Eadishes are very popular, and 

 much esteemed for salading, especially in spring and 

 during early summer, when they grow quickly. They 

 are only really tender and fit for eating during a limited 

 period, from the time the roots are large enough to use 

 until the tops form a few rough leaves, and show signs 

 of starting a flower-stem. At this stage, the roots 

 become stringy, and have a hot flavour. The chief point 

 in the culture of Eadishes for maintaining a supply is 

 that of sowing a small quantity frequently, to insure a 

 succession. Few plants are more easily grown, or arrive 

 more quickly at a stage ready for use. The early spring 

 supplies are generally grown in frames by themselves, 

 or along with Asparagus or Potatoes that are being 

 forced. A slight bottom heat, from fermenting material, 

 is sufficient to insure germination ; afterwards, air must 

 be admitted as the weather permits a temperature of 

 50deg. in the frame is ample. The seeds are generally 

 best sown broadcast, either in frames or the open ground, 

 except those intended for winter consumption, which may 

 be placed in shallow drills, 6in. or Sin. apart. Sowings 

 may be made in warm positions outside early in the 

 year, for the purpose of obtaining crops to be used 

 along with, or independent of, those from frames. From 

 January to April, the young plants will require protection 

 during frosty and any unfavourable weather : this may 

 be afforded by bending sticks over and laying mats upon 

 them. From March onwards, sowings should be made 

 outside about every fortnight, supposing the produce is 

 required : this insures a succession. Eadishes succeed 

 in any light soil ; it should be dug deeply, and be 

 raked fine on the surface before the seeds are sown. 

 Winter Eadishes require to be sown in July or August, 

 and the plants thinned afterwards to about 4in. apart. 

 For summer, a cool, shady position should be selected ; a 

 warm, sheltered situation is best suited at all other 

 seasons. Birds are very fond of Eadish seed ; conse- 

 quently, it must be protected for a time, wherever sown. 

 Throughout summer, the young plants require frequent 

 waterings : if this is neglected in dry weather, they soon 

 run to seed, and the roots are then of no use. 



FUNGI. The Fungi parasitic on Eadishes call for but 

 a short notice, since only one or two of them ever do 

 much damage ; and all of them grow also on other 

 cultivated Crucifera, including Cabbages and Turnips. 

 The worst are the White Eust (Cystopus candidus) 

 and Mildew (Peronospora parasitica). The former pro- 

 duces white patches on the leaves, and also grows on 

 and deforms the flowers, causing an enlargement of all 

 their parts, and rendering them sterile (see Rusts). The 

 Mildew (see Peronospora) is much less noticeable in 

 its effects, but is not less hurtful to the plants. 



INSECTS. Eadishes are apt to suffer from the ravages 

 of the same insects as feed on Turnips. Eoots of Eadishes 

 are eaten by the usual subterranean foes that attack 

 other fleshy roots. Among these are Julus and other 

 Millipedes (which see), and the larvae of certain Noctuce, 

 or Night Moths. The most dangerous of the foes that live 

 on the roots are the larvae of several species of flies that 

 belong to the same genus as the Onion Fly (which see). 

 All of these larvae eat the roots of other Cruciferce also, 

 e.g., Cabbage; but one species (Anthomyia radicum) 

 has received the name of Eadish Fly, from its pre- 

 ference for this plant. This fly is very common through- 

 out the summer. Its body is about $in. long, and its 

 spread of wings from in. to in. The body is covered, 

 not very thickly, with stiff hairs. The male has the 

 thorax black, with two short, grey, narrow stripes length- 

 wise ; the abdomen is grey, with a black line down the 

 middle and three black lines across it; the forehead is 

 white, with a black, triangular spot ; the face is whitish- 

 ochreous ; the legs and antennae are black ; the wings 



