AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



281 



BED MAGGOT. The name popularly given to small 

 orange or lemon- coloured grabs, which are often to be 

 found in the flowering-heads of grasses, between the 

 glumes. They seem to feed on the juices or sap of the 

 female part, or ovary, of each flower, and thereby pre- 

 vent the formation of seeds. On cereals, e.g., Wheat, they 

 are often very abundant, and do very great harm to 

 the produce of the crops. The grubs are wrinkled into 

 folds crosswise. They are not provided with feet, but can 

 wriggle along freely ; they do not exceed -j^in. in length. 

 When full-fed, they become orange pupae, either in the 

 ear, or on falling to the ground, into which the larvae 

 burrow before the change. From these pupae, small, two- 

 winged flies the Wheat-midges (Cecidomyia Tritici and 

 Lafioptera obfutcata) emerge in June and July. The 

 former species is orange or dull yellow, with black eyes, 

 and has the longest vein in each wing nnbranched. The 

 latter insect has the body blackish, and the longest vein 

 in the wing is forked. The females lay eggs in the young 

 spikelets of the cereals, by means of a long, flexible tube 

 or ovipositor. 



Remedies are required in farming only, as these Midges 

 are hardly ever troublesome in gardens. It has been 

 found very useful to plough so as to bury the surface 

 eods Gin. or Tin. deep ; and it is well to sow cereals BO 

 as not to ear when the Midges are on the wing. Burning 

 stubble, chaff, Ac., has been found of considerable ser- 

 vice against them. 



BED MOBOCCO. A common name for Adonis 

 autumnalis. 



BED OSIEB DOGWOOD. See Cornus stoloni- 

 fera. 



BEDOUTEA. A synonym of Pugosia (which tee). 

 BED BOOT. See Lachnanthes. The name is 

 also applied to Ceanothvs americantu. 



BED BOT. A common name for Drosera rotundifolia. 



BED BOT. A name employed to denote a decayed 

 state of the stem in various Conifers, seldom in other 

 trees, in which the wood becomes decayed and red, and 

 this condition spreads gradually from place to place. 

 The disease is of common occurrence over a great part 

 of Europe. A careful microscopic examination of the 

 diseased wood proves that the cells are full of an 

 abundant mycelium of a Fungus ; and Prof. Hartig has 

 shown that the discoloration may be due to more than 

 one Fungus, of which the more important is a species 

 of Trametes (which tee). Polyporus svlphvrevs (see 

 Polyporus) has been observed to cause a similar con- 

 dition in Dicotyledonous trees, e.g., Pear-trees, Ac. 



Treatment. The whole tree, unless valuable, should 

 be cut into firewood and destroyed. If the tree is so 

 valuable as to render its preservation desirable, the 

 diseased portions should be removed and burned, and 

 the conidia ought on no account to be permitted to 

 spread, to the injury of adjacent trees. It is not pos- 

 sible, in the present state of our knowledge, to destroy 

 the mycelium without injuring the wood-cells in which 

 it lies. 



(Tetranychu* telanus). A small, 

 eight-legged mite, which receives its popular name from 

 its colour (which is almost alwayp between rusty-red and 

 brick-red) and its power, like a spider, of spinning a 

 fine web on the lower surface of the leaves of trees. It 

 is not a true spider. Gardeners are but too well ac- 

 quainted with its depredations on fruit-trees and hot- 

 house plants, the leaves of which it frequently injures 

 very much. For a full account of Bed Spider, and of 

 remedies against it, see Tetranychus telarius. 



REDUPLICATE. Folding and projecting out- 

 wards. 



BED-WATEB-TBEE. See Erytkrophlceum. 



BED WEED. See Papaver Bicea.. 

 BED-WOOD-TREE. A common name for various 

 species of Ceanothus, Pterocarpus, Ac. 

 REED. See Arundo. 



BEED, INDIAN. A common name for Canna 

 tndieo. 



BEED MACE. See Typha latifolia. 



REEL AND LINE. Garden Lines are indispensable 

 for marking off spaces when cropping, and for indicating 

 the positions of plants, trees, edgings, Ac. A long Line 

 should be wound on an iron Beel, as this permits it to 

 dry more readily, after being used in the wet, than it 

 would if rolled up closely on an ordinary stick. A Line 

 Beel is usually made to revolve on a long iron pin by 

 turning a small handle or projection on the upper cross- 

 bar. Various sizes are made, to suit different lengths, 

 of Lines. 



BEEVESIA (named in compliment to John Beeves, 

 F.L.S., of Canton, a zealous botanist, and the introducer 

 of one of the species). OBD. Sterculiaesa. A genus con- 

 sisting of two (?) species of greenhouse trees, natives of 

 tropical and sub-tropical Eastern Asia. Flowers white, 

 in terminal, corymbose panicles; calyx clavate-campanu- 

 late, irregularly three to five-fid; petals clawed. Leaves 

 entire, coriaceous. R. thyrtoidea, the only species intro- 

 duced, is a very handsome tree, requiring treatment 

 similar to that recommended for the greenhouse species 

 of Sterculia (which tee). 

 K. thyrsoidea (thyrse-flowered). JL, petals white or cream- 



coloured, fire-clawed ; peduncles and pedicels clothed with ^lellaUs 



pubescence. July. i. alternate, broadly lanceolate, acuminate. 



petiolate, entire, penninerved ; petioles slender, dilated upwards. 



A. (under cultiTation) 3ft. to 4ft China. 1826. (B. M. 4199; 



BEPLEXED. Abruptly turned or bent backwards 

 or downwards. 



BEPBACTED. Similar to Beflexed, but abruptly 

 bent from the base. 



BEGELIA (named after Dr. E. Begel, Superintendent 

 of the Imperial Botanic Gardens at St. Petersburgh). 

 OBD. Myrtticeas, A genus comprising only three species 

 of rigid, greenhouse shrubs, with the habit of Beaufortia, 

 natives of Western Australia. Flowers closely sessile and 

 solitary within each bract, in dense heads, at first ter- 

 minal, but the central axis soon growing out into a 

 leafy branch ; calyx tube ovoid or nearly globular ; lobes 

 five, usually deciduous ; petals five, spreading ; stamens 

 indefinite, united in five bundles opposite the petals. 

 Leaves small, opposite, mostly three or more nerved. 

 B. nliata, is the only species yet introduced. For 

 culture, tee Beanfortia. 

 B. ciliata (fringed).* JL red, in small, dense, globular heads; 



calyx tube woolly-tomentose or hairy. L erect, spreading or 



recurred, broadly orate, oborate, or almost orbicular, obtus, 

 flat or concave, rigid, prominently three or rarely fire-nerred, jin. 

 to iin. long. A. 3ft. to 5ft. 1874. A spreading, more or less 



prominently three or rarely fire-nerred, jin. 

 . . to 5ft. 1874. A s 



pubescent or hairy shrub. (B. M. 6100.) 



BEGELIA (of Lemaire). A synonym of Karatas 

 (which tee). 



BEGELIA. A garden synonym of VersctafFeltia 

 (which tee). 



BEGULAB. Uniform and symmetrical in shape of 

 structure. 



BEHMANNIA (named in honour of Joseph Ben- 

 mann, a physician of St. Petersburgh, 1779-1831). OBD. 

 Scrophularinece. A genus comprising only a couple of 

 species of hardy, perennial herbs, natives of China and 

 Japan. Flowers rather large, in the axils of the bracts 

 or floral leaves, declinate or pendulous, disposed in ter- 

 minal racemes ; calyx ovoid-campanulate, five-fid at 

 apex ; corolla dark purplish or pale, intensely coloured 

 at the throat; limb oblique, sub-bilabiate, with spread- 

 ing lips. Leaves alternate, obovate or oblong, deeply 



