AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



285 



Retinia continued. 

 2. Fore wings with brown-grey or black markings. 



(a) Fore wings pale grey, with numerous \ 

 dark markings, and a basal patch / 

 ordered by a rather sharply -angled > oceultana. 

 line ; spread of wings, eight a:.d a I 

 half to ten and a half lines ...... ) 



(6) Fore wings dark blackish-grey, with^v 

 numerous irregular, silvery cross- 1 

 streaks, most distinct along the 1 



, . 



hind margin, and white spots along f rf 

 the front margin ; 

 nine to eleven lines 



, 

 the front margin ; spread of wings, 



EuoUa 



3. Fore wings bright reddish-orange. 



(a) Fore wings paler along inner, and near"| 



front, margins, with several indis- 1 



tinct, silvery cross-lines beyond the }- 



middle of wing ; spread of wings, ten 



to eleven lines ...................... J 



(6) Fore wings with basal patch wei 



defined, and bordered by a yellow, 



silvery cross-line; beyond the middle 



are several very distinct, yellowish- 



silvery, irregular cross-streaks ; 



spread of wings, nine to ten lines . . 



These species are almost all considerably more common 

 in Scotland than in England, though most of them may 

 be met with wherever the food-plants grow. All reach 

 the perfect stage some time between Jnne and Angnst. 

 The females lay their eggs on the young buds and 

 twigs. The larvae hatched from these eggs gnaw their 

 way into the buds and leading shoots, and bore into the 

 pith, there to remain usually all winter, since they are 

 still feeding in the following spring. They are of 

 the usual form of the larvaB of Tortricidce, with rather 

 cylindrical, naked bodies and dark, horny heads and 

 shields on segments just behind the heads. They have 

 six true legs and ten prolegs, or claspers. 



Almost any one of the species would deserve the name 

 of Pine-bud Moth; but the name has been given to the 

 species R. turionana. 



The result of an attack on Firs by these larvae is 

 that the leading shoots may be hollowed out, even in 

 the bud state, or they become bent, brown, and brittle; 

 and the trees become distorted, because of the loss of 

 these shoots, and the ill-development of the shoots that 

 have taken their place in the course of growth. In 

 general, there is a considerable outflow of resin from 

 the wounds made by the larvae ; and this resin hardens 

 on the surface and forms a protection during winter to 

 the larvae. R. turionana is hurtful especially to the 

 buds. R. Buoliana and the others are more dan- 

 gerous to the newly-formed shoots. R. resinana is called 

 the B-esin-gall Moth, because of the fact that the 

 larva produces a false gall of resin, by exudation of 

 resin over the place where it is boring into the wood. 

 It is not unlike a half walnut in form, and may even 

 reach nearly or quite to this size ; but it is dirty-white 

 in colour, and remains soft while it is occupied. The 

 larvae are said to pass two winters before they become 

 pupae, which they do in spring, and the moths emerge 

 in June. 



Remedies. Owing to the larvae living entirely under 

 cover, no external applications are of the least use: the 

 only method found at all successful has been the re- 

 moval and burning of all shoots that show signs of 

 attack by any of the species of Retinia. 



RETINIPH YLLUM (from retine, resin, and phyllon, 

 a leaf; the leaves are covered with resin). SYN. Com- 

 mianthus. ORD. Rubiacece. A genus consisting of half- 

 a-dozen species of glabrous, pubescent or pilose, stove 

 shrubs, natives of North Brazil and Guiana. Flowers 

 white, flesh-colour, or pink, in terminal, simple spikes; 

 calyx limb tubular, truncate, entire, or five-fid ; corolla 

 hypocrateriform, with five narrow, reflexed lobes ; stamens 

 five. Berries small, five-stoned, edible. Leaves opposite, 

 petiolate, coriaceous, obovate or oblong, often abruptly 



The same as Reflexed (which 



Retiniphyllum continued. 



acuminate, with numerous diverging nerves. For cul- 

 ture of the only species introduced, see Hamiltonia. 



R. secundiflornm (side-flowering). /. white, in clusters of from 

 two to four; spikes axillary, pedunculate, side-flowered. July. 

 I. obovate, obtuse or emarginate at apex, cuneate at base* 

 coriaceous, pubescent beneath, h. 4ft. 



RETINOSFORA. Included under Chamacyparis 

 (which see). 



RETROFLEXED. 

 see). 



RETRORSE. Directed backwards or downwards. 



RETROVERTED. Inverted. 



RETUSE. Terminating in a round end, the centre 

 of which is depressed. 



RETZIA (named in honour of Anders Johan Eetzius, 

 1742-1821, Professor of Natural History in the Uni- 

 versity of Lund). ORD. Solanacece. A monotypic genus. 

 The species is a greenhouse, evergreen, erect shrub, 

 with straight, densely-leafy branches. It will thrive in 

 any light soiL Propagation may be readily effected by 

 cuttings, inserted in sand, under a bell glass. 

 R. capensls (Cape). 1L red or orange, two or three at the nodes 

 or in the axils, long, out almost concealed by the leaves ; calyx 

 semi-five-fld ; corolla with an elongated tube, and five, rarely six 

 or seven, short, induplicate-valvate lobes. May. I. whorled, long- 

 linear, coriaceous, entire or with revolute margins, silky-pilose 

 when young (and in the axils). A. 4ft. South Africa. 



REVOLUTE. Boiled backwards from the margins 

 or apex ; e.g., certain tendrils, and the sides and ends of 

 some leaves. 



RHABDOCRINUM. A synonym of Lloydia 

 (which see). 



RHACHIS. See Rachis. 



RHACOMA (of Adanson). A synonym of Leuzea 

 (which see). 



RHACOMA (of Linnaeus). A synonym of Myginda 

 (which see). 



RHADINOCARFUS. A synonym of Chastocalyx. 



RHAGODIA (from rhax, rhagos, a berry ; in refer- 

 ence to the characteristic fruit). Australian Red Berry 

 or Sea Berry. OKD. Chenopodiacece. A genus com- 

 prising thirteen species of slender or robust, mealy or 

 slightly tomentose, greenhouse shrubs, rarely herbs, con- 

 fined to Australia. Flowers greenish, small or minute, 

 clustered or rarely solitary, disposed in interrupted, ter- 

 minal spikes or panicles. Fruit a small berry. Leaves 

 alternate and sub-opposite, sessile or petiolate, linear, 

 ovate, oblong, or cordate, entire or sinuately lobed. 

 Five species have been introduced, but it is doubtful 

 whether any remain in cultivation. 



RHAMNE2E. A natural order of erect or climbing, 

 often prickly, very rarely tendrilled or glandulose trees, 

 shr.nbs, or very rarely herbs, inhabiting warm and tropical 

 regions. Flowers green or yellowish, hermaphrodite, 

 rarely polygamous, dioecious, small, usually disposed in 

 axillary, loose or dense-flowered, sometimes unilateral 

 cymes; calyx tube obconical, torbinate, urceolate, or 

 cylindrical, the limb of four or five erect or recurved 

 lobes; petals four or five, inserted at the throat of the 

 calyx, emarginate or lobed, sessile or clawed, or absent ; 

 stamens four or five, opposite to, and inserted with, the 

 petals; filaments subulate or filiform, rarely dilated; 

 anthers versatile, sometimes ovoid, with longitudinal de- 

 hiscence, sometimes reniform and one-celled by con- 

 fluence of the cells at the top, and opening into two 

 valves by an arched slit; disk perigynons, rarely absent. 

 Fruit capsular or drupaceous, three, rarely one to four- 

 celled. Leaves simple, stipulate, rarely exstipnlate, oppo- 

 site or nearly so, often coriaceous, entire or serrated (in 

 Colletiea often absent) ; stipules small, usually deciduous, 



