290 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



young 

 Brazil 



Rhipsalis continued. 



gravel or brick rubbish, after having been dried at the 



base for a few days. 



R. braohlata (forked). A synonym of R. SagUonii. 



R. Gassy tha (Cassytha).* fl. abundant on the sides of the 

 branchlets, often crowded ; calyx teeth five or six ; petals five 

 or six greenish-white ; stamens twelve to fourteen. September. 

 fr berry waxy-white, like that of the Mistletoe. Stems slender, 

 terete, firm, branched, in dense whorls the branches again 

 branched ; joints rare, except at the branching. A. 1ft. rropics, 

 Ac., 1758. (B. M. 3080.) 



R. communis (common), fl. rose, white ; crense furnished with 

 an ovate acute scale and numerous white hairs. Summer to 

 December. Plant articulated, erect, sub-radicant, pale green, 

 triangular ; ribs much compressed, repandly crenated. Brazil, 

 1836. (B. M. 3763, under name of Lepismium commune.) 



R. crispata (curled), fl. white, minute, scarcely odorous ; petals 

 six, ovate, reflexed ; stamens numerous. December, fr., berry 

 white, globose. Plant sub-erect, articulated ; branches orbicular 

 or oblong, sub-petiolate, yellowish-green, almost membranous, 

 deeply crenate, the margins slightly curled, h. 1ft Native 

 place unknown. 



R. fasciculata (cluster-branched), fl. similar to those of R. Cas- 

 tytha, but smaller; petals five, dirty -yellow, fr., berry white, 

 crowned with the remains of the corolla. Plant creeping, 

 branched ; branches fascicled, green, terete, very sparsely setose : 

 ones spirally sub-angular; areolae slightly clustered. 

 (B. M. 30790 



R. funalis (cord-like).- /. white, very copious, ten lines in dia- 

 meter, inodorous ; petals seven or eight ; stamens very numerous ; 

 February to April. Trunk 2ft. to 3ft. high, at length woody; 

 branches long, terete, obtuse ; areolae scattered, almost naked. 

 Central America. See Fig. 365 SYN. R. grandiflora (B. M. 2740). 



R. grandiflora (large-flowered). A synonym of R. funalis. 



R. Houlletli (Houl]et's). /. straw-colour, copiously produced in 

 the axils of the marginal teeth. Branches pendulous ; the arti- 

 culations 3in. to 6in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, 

 and of a glabrous-green, with a faint tinge of brownish-purple 

 along the margins. Brazil, 1874. (B. M. 6089.) 



R. mesembryanthemoides (Mesembryanthemum-like). fl. 

 white, iin. across at the lateral joints ; petals five, much-spread- 

 ing. Spring, fr., berry white. Plant glomerately branched ; 

 branches 8m. to lOin. long, sub-erect, terete, bearing rooting 

 joints ; lateral joints clustered, terete, attenuated at both ends ; 

 fascicles of spines pale white, dying off blackish. Tropical 

 America, 1817. (B. M. 3078.) 



R. pachyptera (thick-winged). /. numerous upon the joints, 

 solitary in each crenature ; calyx leaflets three, brownish ; petals 

 five, pale yellowish-green. November. Plant 1ft. to 2ft. high, 

 proliferously jointed and branched; joints 4in. to 6in. long, 

 oblong, remarkably compressed, Iin. to 3in. broad, the margins 

 slightly thickened, crenate-lobed, glabrous ; lateral thickened 

 nerves leading off from the distinct midrib, curving upwards to 

 the crenatures. Brazil. (B. M. 2820, under name of Cactu* 

 alatus.) 



R. paradoxa (paradoxical), fl. yellow, white; crense remote, 

 furnished with white hairs, and propped by leafy bracts. August 

 to November. Plant diffusely sub-erect, sub-articulated ; joints 

 elongated, slender, three or four-sided ; margins acute, crenu- 

 lated, purple. Brazil, 1837. (B. M. 3755, under name of Lepis- 

 mium Myosurus.) 



R. pendnliflora (pendulous-flowered). This is closely allied to 

 R. Saglwnis ; it differs in its pendulous habit, fastigiate and 

 quite terete branches, and pendulous flowers with more obtuse 

 petals. Tropical America, 1877. 



R. pentaptera (five- winged), fl. white, Jin. across, very copious 

 in the crenatures of the branches and on the upper part of the 

 trunk; petals six or seven, biseriate. February and March. 

 Plant sub-erect lift, high, long-jointed, full green ; main stem 

 five or six-angled, with slender, slightly twisted, five-angled 

 branches ; areolse remote. Brazil. 



R. rhombea (diamond-branched), fl. greenish-white, solitary, 

 small Stem terete or variously compressed, and, as well au the 



b ' : th Ch fi e ?-V SUb ' ere< : t>articalated ' diffu * e: J ii;ts lin - to S.to3! 

 with filiform wings, ovate- or lanceolate-rhomboid, highly 



fltef'T'ltsL) g> incised - crenate at t^ margins. BrlziL 



R. Saglionis (Saglio's). fl. greenish-yellow, rather large ter- 

 minal upon divaricate articulations, on the lower pM'f the 

 stem, h Sin. to lOin. Plant erect or nearly so main stem 

 cylindrical, bearing the few scattered flo werinf branches belo 

 and above many horizontal branches, which are again divided 

 always opposite, brachiate, and with more numerouTand shorter 



jasenere ultimate divisions - Buenos 



yellow, terminal, solitary 

 i iu jin,ii , corona superior ; petals numerous thin concavp 

 never opening wide. Spring. Plant trailing "youn^ specimens 

 erect), prohferons; branches very numerous, spreading, jointed 

 joints club-shaped, rounded, tubercled, smooth, scarred irHucous 

 older stems grey. BrazU. (B. M. 2461 ; G. C. n. s.i v. 731 ) 



Rhipsaiis continued. 



R. sarmentacea (twiggy-stemmed), fl. white. Stem slender, 

 creeping, rooting, slightly branched, obtuse-angled ; areolae 

 clustered, minute, prickly, slightly tomentose ; prickles eight to 

 twelve, very slender, bristly, unequal, snow-white. Bonaria, 

 1858. (B. M. 5136.) 



R. Swartzlana (Swartz's). '/.whitish, minute. June, fr., berry 

 nearly black. Stem 1ft. to 2ft. high, simply branched, winged 

 above ; summit resembling the branches. Branches 6in. to 12in. 

 long, alternate, flat, oblong or oblong-linear, remotely crenate, 

 tapering at the stipitate, jointed base. Jamaica, 1810. 



RHIZANTHOT7S. Flowering from the root, or 

 apparently so. 



RHIZOBIINJE. A group of Aphides, which derive 

 their name (meaning " root-livers ") from living under- 

 ground upon roots of various plants. In this group 

 all the species exhibit this habit ; but so also do various 

 genera outside the Rhizobiince, strictly so-called, e.g., 

 most species of Paracletus, Schizoneura, and Trama, 

 and a few species of the genera Aphis, Phylloxera, 

 Pemphigus, and Siphonophora. In all the above genera 

 there are species more or less hurtful to garden plants, 

 by feeding on their roots, and thereby weakening them ; 

 and several of the species have been referred to the 

 genus Rhizobius because of their mode of life e.g., 

 Trama radices, described by Westwood, under the name 

 Rhizobius Helianthemi. A very large part of the root- 

 feeding Aphides select roots of grasses ; but they also 

 feed largely on Lettuces (Pemphigus) , Jerusalem Arti- 

 chokes, French Beans, and Scarlet Runners (Tychea 

 Phaseoli, &c.). A curious circumstance connected with 

 these insects is the relation that exists between them 

 and certain species of ants, in whose nests they usually 

 remain ; in the nests they are carefully attended to 

 by the ants. In the genus Rhizobius no winged forms 

 are known, nor do honey-tubes exist. Owing to their 

 mode of life, it is difficult to free plants when once 

 attacked by these subterranean Aphides. Probably, the 

 best means is to water them with a solution of gas- 

 water or gas-lime, or of carbolic acid ; or to make use 

 of carbon disulphide, poured into holes in the soil near 

 the roots. 



RHIZOBOLE.2E. Included under Ternstrdmiaceae. 



BiHIZOBOLUS. A synonym of Caryocar. 



RHIZOCARFOUS. Literally, root-fruited; having 

 a perennial root, but a stem which perishes annually. 



RHIZOGLOSSUM. Included under Ophioglossum. 



RHIZOID. Resembling a root. 



RHIZOME. "A rootstock; a stem of root-like ap- 

 pearance, prostrate on or under ground, from which 

 rootlets are sent off ; the apex progressively sending up 

 herbaceous stems or flowering stalks, and often leaves " 

 (Asa Gray). 



RHIZOMORFHOUS. Having the appearance of a 

 root. 



RHIZOFHORA (from rhiza, a root, and phoreo, to 

 bear; the branches emit roots freely, and these descend 

 into the mud in which the tree grows). Mangrove. OED. 

 Rhizophorece. A genus comprising two (or four or five) 

 species of stove trees, inhabiting tropical shores and 

 mud swamps. Flowers rather large, sessile or pedi- 

 cellate, on axillary, bi- or trichotomously branched 

 peduncles. Leaves opposite, petiolate, thickly coriaceous, 

 ovate or elliptic, entire, glabrous. "In the economy of 

 Nature, the Mangrove performs a most important part, 

 wresting annually fresh portions of the land from the 

 dominion of the ocean, and adding them to the domain 

 of man. This is effected in a twofold manner: by the 

 progressive advance of their roots, and by the aerial 

 germination of their seeds, which do not quit their lofty 

 cradle till they have assumed the form of actual trees, 

 and drop into the water with their roots ready prepared 



