AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



349 



Salvadora continued. 



S. indica (Indian). A synonym of S. peniea. 



S. persica (Persian). Kiknel Ofl.plant JL white, pedicellate, 



scattered; panicles 2in. to Sin. lone, often Tery compound, 



numerous in the upper axils. June. L ovate or oblong, obtuse, 



IJin. long. Arabia, India, Ac., 1850. A small, glabrous tree. 



(B. F. S. 247, tinder name of S. Wightiana.) SYS. S. indiea. 



SALVADORACILE. A smaU natural order of 



glabrous or scarcely powdery, unarmed or spiny trees 



or shrubs, natives of tropical and sub-tropical, mostly 



Western Asia, Africa, and the Mascarene Islands. 



Flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious, regular, forming a 



trichotomonsly-panicnlate inflorescence; calyx free, cam- 



pannlate or ovoid, three or four-toothed or four-fid ; corolla 



gamopetalous and campanulate, or polypetalous, the 



lobes or petals four, imbricated in aestivation; stamens 



four, alternating with the lobes or petals, the filaments 



filiform or dilated at base ; anthers two-celled ; panicles 



short, axillary, often reduced to dense, sessile fascicles. 



Berries fleshy or sub-drupaceous, indehiscent, usually 



one- seeded. Leaves opposite, entire. Salvadora persiea 



bears edible berries ; the bark of the root contains acrid 



and vesicant properties, and that of the stem is a tonic. 



The order comprises three genera Azima, Dobera, and 



Salvadora and only eight or nine species. 



SAZ.VIA (the old Latin name, used by Pliny, 

 from salveo, to save or heal ; indicative of the supposed 

 medicinal qualities of some of the species). Sage. 

 Including Sclarea. OBD. Labiates. A vast genus (nearly 

 450 species have been described) of stove, greenhouse, 

 or hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, sub- 

 shrubs, or shrubs, of variable habit, broadly dispersed 

 over the temperate and warmer regions of the globe. 

 Flowers variable in colour, rarely yellow, mostly showy, 

 sessile or shortly pedicellate; calyx ovoid, tubular, or 

 campanulate, bilabiate, the upper lip entire or with 

 three minute teeth, the lower one bifid ; corolla tube 

 included or exserted, equal, swollen, or enlarged above, 

 the limb bilabiate ; upper lip erect, concave or arched, 

 entire or scarcely notched; lower one spreading, three- 

 lobed. the middle lobe often notched or divided; 

 perfect stamens two ; whorls two to many-flowered, 

 variously spicate, racemose, or paniculate, or rarely all 

 axillary. Nutlets ovoid, triquetrous or slightly com- 

 pressed, smooth. Leaves entire, toothed, incised, or 

 pinnatisect ; floral ones often changed into bracts ; cauline 

 ones rarely conformed. A large number of the species 

 have been introduced ; a selection of the most desirable 

 kinds is given below. Two species 8. pratensit and 

 8. Verbenaca are indigenous to Britain. 8. ojjlcinalis 

 is the well-known common Sage, much used in cooking. 

 Salvias may readily be raised from seeds ; when these can 

 be obtained, they should be sown thinly, and placed in a 

 little warmth. Cuttings of the tender species and 

 varieties root very readily in heat, if they are quite soft, 

 and in a growing state. As greenhouse plants for 

 autumn and winter-flowering, some of the Salvias are 

 very showy and useful. Amongst them may be specially 

 mentioned: 8. assurea (var. grandiflora), 8. cocalcR/oUa, 

 8. involucrata (var. Bethellii), 8. rutUans, 8. splendens 

 (and its variety Bruantii). For spring - flowering. 

 8. boliviano, 8. fulgent, and 8. gesneneflora, are amongst 

 the best. S. patens is one of the most distinct and 

 beautiful of deep blue-flowered plants in cultivation, and 

 is equally well suited for greenhouse decoration in sum- 

 mer, or for planting in beds outside, to flower at the 

 same season. Salvias like a rich soil, particularly when 

 grown in pots ; loam and manure, in about equal parts, 

 is not too strong for them. The plants may be grown 

 outside during summer, but they must be housed before 

 frost appears, as they cannot withstand severe weather. 

 Salvias are not well adapted for room decoration: under 

 such treatment, their flowers very soon drop. The 

 plants should be propagated, for all purposes, in spring 

 and early summer; and, in most cases, it is advisable 



Sal via continued. 



to raise some new ones each year. Except where other- 

 wise stated, the species described below are hardy, 



late, concave, persistent, pilose. Stem erect" villons. 

 Mediterranean region, 175$. Biennial. (S. F. G. i. 27.) 

 a (rough).* JL white; calyx campanulate, hispid 

 rolla tube equalling the calyx, the hood falcate am 

 ; whorls distant, six to ten-flowered ; racemes slightly 

 July. L petiolate, broadly snb-cordate-ovate, shortly 

 erose-crenate, much wrinkled, villous, scarcely canes- 



S. albo-cserulea (white and blue).* JL, calyx campanulate- 

 tubnlar, glandular-pubescent ; corolla white, the lower lip 

 intense indigo, lin. or more in length, showy ; whorls four to 

 many-flowered ; raceme simple, 6in. to 12in. long. Summer. 

 L pdfaliiUi, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 4in. to 6in. long, 

 crenate-serrate, decurrent into the petioles, nearly glabrous 

 above, softly pubescent beneath. Stems erect A. 3ft 

 Mexico. Greenhouse sub-shrub. (F. d. S. 1340 ; R. G. 22L) 



S. amarifwima (very bitter), fl. blue: calyx pilose-hispid; 

 corolla nearly thrice as long as the calyx; whorls distinct, 

 rather remote, about ten-flowered ; racemes Sin. to 6in. long, 

 simple, dense-flowered. August L petiolate, ovate-cordate, 

 crenate, liin. long, wrinkled above, pale or canescent beneath. 

 Stem erect, branched, 2ft high, pilose-hispid. Mexico, 1803. 

 Greenhouse perennial. (B. R. 347.) 



S. angnsttfolia (narrow-leaved). fl. very shortly pedicellate; 

 calyx lips half the length of the tube ; corolla blue, the lower lip 

 as wide as long, the middle lobe emarginate or undulate; 

 inflorescence twiggy, slender, of distant, few-flowered clusters. 

 May. L linear, liin. to 3in. long, entire or obscurely denticulate, 

 acute, somewhat petioled. A. 2ft Mexico, 1816. Greenhouse 

 perennial. (B. R 1554 ; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 219.) 



S. argentea (silvery). JL, calyx sessile, eight to nine lines long ; 

 corolla pinkish-white, showy, nearly three times as long as the 

 calyx ; whorls six to ten-flowered, remote ; panicle ample, but 

 slightly branched. June. L, radical ones petiolate, lower cauline 

 ones sessile, 6in. to Sin. long, cuneate at base, sinuate-lobed, 

 erose, woolly, wrinkled, white- veined; floral ones very broad, 

 acuminate, co 

 A. 3ft 



S. asperata (rough).* JL white; calyx campanulate, hispid- 

 ciliate ; corolla tube equalling the calyx, the hood falcate and 

 compressed ; whorls distant, six to ten-flowered ; racemes slightly 

 branched. ~ 

 acuminate, < 



cent beneath ; cauline ones broad, acuminate, mostly longer 

 than the calyx. Stem glandular-pubescent and pilose. A. 2ft 

 Cashmere, 1854. (B. M. 4884.) 



S, anrea (golden), fl., calyx iin. long, campanulate, villous ; 

 corolla of a beautiful golden-colour, thnce as long as the calyx, 

 the hood large, slightly falcate and compressed ; whorls two- 

 flowered, scarcely distinct ; racemes dense, 2in. to 4in. long. 

 July. L iin. or scarcely lin. long, petiolate, somewhat ovate- 

 rotundate, obtuse, entire or sinuate, hoary ; floral ones sessile, 

 villous, persistent Branches hoary-tomentose. A. 3ft or more. 

 Cape of Good Hope, 1731. Greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 182.) 



S. anstriaca (Austrian). JL, calyx nearly Jin. long, very villons ; 

 corolla yellowish-white, thrice as long as the calyx, the tube 

 slightly exserted, the upper lip falcate ; whorls nearly six- 

 flowered, the lower ones distant, the upper ones approximating ; 

 racemes slightly branched. June. L, radical ones 3in. to 4in. 

 long, petiolate, broadly ovate, entire or erose-toothed, cordate, 

 rounded, or cuneate at base, wrinkled above, pubescent beneath ; 

 cauline ones one or two pairs, sessile 2in. long ; floral ones five 

 lines long, ovate, acuminate. Stem erect, 2ft to 3ft high, 

 nearly staple. Austria, 1776. (B. R. 1019 ; J. F. A. 112.) 



S. aznrea (azure-blue), fl.. calyx oblong-campanulate, obscurely 

 bilabiate ; corolla deep blue, sometimes varying to white, the 

 lower lip sinuately three-lobed and emarginate ; pedicels short ; 

 inflorescence spike-formed. August 1., lower ones lanceolate or 

 oblong, obtuse, denticulate or serrate, tapering into a slight 

 petiole ; upper ones narrower, often linear, entire ; floral ones or 

 bracts subulate, somewhat persistent A. 6ft North America, 

 1806. Plant glabrous or pnbernlons. (B. M. 1728.) 



S. a. grandiflora (large-flowered). JL, calyx tomentulose- 

 sericeous; inflorescence denser than in the type. Plant 

 cinereous-puberulous. STN. S. Pitcheri (F. M. n. s., 455 ; 

 G. C. n. s., xiv. 685)i 



S. Bethellii (Bethell's). A garden variety of S. involucrata. 



S. bicolor (two-coloured).* JL, calyx four to five lines long, 

 glutinous-hispid, with subulate-acuminate teeth ; corolla thrice 

 as long as the calyx, the upper lip bluish-violet, golden- 

 dotted, the lower one whitish; whorls six-flowered, distinct; 

 racemes lift to 2ft long, many-flowered. June. L, lower ones 

 petiolate, ample, ovate, incised-toothed, pinnatifid or palmately 

 lobed; middle ones petiolate, ovate - lanceolate ; upper ones 

 sessile; all cordate at base, and glutinous-pubescent Stem 

 thick, 2ft to 3ft high, scarcely branched. Barbary, 1793. A 

 verypretty and distinct hardy biennial. (B. M. 1774 ; P. M. B. 



S. bolivlana (Bolivian).* JL many in a whorl ; calyx Jin. long, 

 dull purple or green and purple ; corolla bright scarlet, 3in. long, 

 slightly curved, glabrous, the upper lip very small, the lower 

 shortly three-lobed; panicle sub-sessile, 2ft high, branched. 

 Autumn. J. Sin. to 6in. long, ovate-cordate, acute, wrinkled ; 

 petioles slender, lin. to Sin. long. A. 4ft Bolivia, 1856. Green- 

 house under-shrub. (B. M. 6714 ; F. d. S. 1148.) 



