354 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Sambucus continued. 



S. canadensls (Canadian), fl. white, almost scentless ; cymes 

 of five main branches. July and August, fr. deep bluish-black. 

 I. pinnate or sub-pinnate ; leaflets about nine, oblong, oval 

 stiffish, acuminate, more or less pubescent beneath, sometimes 

 appendiculated at the base. h. 4ft to 6ft. Canada to Carolina, 

 1761. Shrub. (B. M. PI. 138.) 



S Ebulus (Ebulus). Dane's Blood; Dane Weed; Danewort; 

 De^lwoT, Dwarf Elder, &c. fl. white, tipped with pink, 

 broadly campanulate ; cymes Sin. to 4in. in diameter, three- 

 rayed, corymbose, compact. July and August fr. black small, 

 globose, i, leaflets four to six pairs, oblong-lanceolate, to. to 

 6in Ion* serrated ; stipules leafy, serrated. Stems 2ft. to 4ft. 

 high many, stout, ribbed and grooved. Europe (Britain), North 

 Africa. Herbaceous perennial. (Sy. En. B. 658.) 



FIG. 412. PORTION OF INFLORESCENCE OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA. 



S. nigra (black).* Boon-tree ; Bur-tree ; Common Elder, fl. white, 

 rotate, Jin. in diameter ; cymes 4in. to 6in. in diameter, flat- 

 topped, fiv 

 {., leaflets 



ve-rayed. June. fr. black, rarely green, small, globose. 

 {., leaflets two to four pairs, lin. to Sin. long, ovate, oblong, or 



lanceolate, rarely orbicular, serrated ; stipules small or absent. 

 thick as the thigh ; branchlets angular, h. 25ft. 

 Europe (Britain), North Africa. Tree. See Fig. 412. (B. M. PL 



Trunk often as 



137 ; By. En. B. 637.) 

 S. n. aurca (golden).* Golden Elder. A fine variety, with 



golden leaves. 

 S. n. laciniata (torn).* Parsley-leaved Elder. I., leaflets cut into 



fine segments. A handsome form. 

 S. n. monstrosa (monstrous), fl. five to fifteen-parted ; stigmas 



five to twelve, fr. irregular. Branches striped. 

 S. n. rotundifolia (round-leaved), fl. in few-flowered corymbs. 



I. trifoliolate ; leaflets petiolate, roundish, serrated. 



Other forms of S. nigra are : folii-s argenteis and foliis luteis, 

 leaves variegated with white and yellow respectively ; leucocarpa, 

 fruit white ; virescens fruit yellowish-green. 

 S. pubcns (downy). /. whitish, in a thyrsoid panicle. April and 



May. fr. red. I. pinnate ; leaflets five, membranous, ovate- 



lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but 



chiefly on the under side. h. 6ft. to 12ft. North America, 1812. 



A large shrub or low tree. 

 S. racemosa (racemose-flowered).* Hart's Elder ; Scarlet-berried 



Elder, fl. white ; panicle ovate. April and May. fr. scarlet. 



t pinnate, pale green, large, rather smooth ; leaflets five, mem- 



branous, oblong, acuminated, serrated, unequal at the base; 



petioles glabrous, h. 10ft. to 20ft. South Europe and Siberia, 



1596. A Tow tree or large shrub. (F. D. 2951.) The form laciniata 



has jagged leaflets, plmrnsa, has deeply pinnatifid leaflets. 



SAMBUL PLANT. A common name for Ferula 

 Sumbul. 



SAMOLUS (an old name which Pliny ascribes to 

 the Druids, and which is thought by Sprengel to refer 

 to S. Valerandi). Brook-weed. ORD. Primulaceae. A 

 genus comprising about eight species of greenhouse 

 or hardy herbs, sometimes shrubby at base. 8. Valerandi 

 is cosmopolitan, growing wild in Britain, and the rest 

 are mostly found on the seashores of extra-tropical 

 Southern regions. Flowers white, in terminal racemes 

 or corymbs ; calyx one-half superior, the limb five-fid ; 

 corolla perigynous, nearly campanulate, five -parted; 

 stamens five. Leaves alternate, the lower ones gome- 

 times rosulate, linear, oblong, or spathulate, entire. The 

 species have no great ornamental value. One only calls 



Samolus continued. 



for description here. It thrives freely in ordinary soil, 

 in a moist position ; and may be increased by division. 



S. repens (creeping), fl. pinkish-white, usually four to five lines 

 across ; corolla tube broad, as long as the ovate lobes. August. 

 I., radical ones petiolate, ovate or oblong ; cauline ones usually 

 small, linear or oblong. Stems simple or branched, prostrate or 

 erect, and 6in. to 12in. high. Australia, 1806. Hardy peren- 

 nial. (L. B. C. 435. under name of S. littoralis.) 



SAMPHIRE (Crithmum maritimum). A native, 

 hardy perennial, which grows naturally near the sea-coast, 

 and is not very easily cultivated inland. The leaves are 

 occasionally used in salads, and for seasoning. It requires, 

 under cultivation, a warm position at the foot of a south 

 wall, and an occasional dressing of sea-salt; protection 

 must also be provided in winter. Propagation is effected 

 by divisions or by seeds ; the latter should be sown soon 

 after they are ripe, in autumn. 



SAMYDA (from Samydo, the old Greek name used 

 by Theophrastus for the Birch ; in allusion to the re- 

 semblance in habit). ORD. Samydacece. A small genus 

 (two species) of stove, evergreen shrubs, natives of the 

 West Indies. Flowers white, pink, or greenish, rather 

 large, solitary or fascicled; calyx tube campanulate, 

 coloured ; lobes four to six, imbricated, unequal ; petals 

 absent ; stamens eight to thirteen, the filaments connate 

 in a tube. Leaves distichous, alternate, oblong, pellucid- 

 dotted; stipules minute. The species are ornamental 

 subjects ; they thrive in a mixture of loam and peat. 

 Propagated readily by cuttings, inserted in a pot of 

 sand, under a hand glass, in slight heat. 



S. glabrata (glabrous), fl. greenish-white, solitary or a few in 

 the axil, sub-sessile or shortly stalked, campanulate, about jin. 

 long. July and August. L oblong, entire or obsoletely serru- 

 lated, glabrous, Sin. to 5in. long ; pellucid dots and lines distant. 

 Branchlets pubescent, h. 5ft. to 12ft. 1800. SYN. S. spinulosa. 



S. serrulata (serrulated), fl. white or red, iin. or more long, 

 solitary or fascicled, campanuliite, pubescent ; calyx lobes blunt. 

 July. I. soft, oblong or elliptic, serrated, pointed or blunt, 

 2in. to 4in. long, pubescent or glabrous above, velvety beneath. 

 h. 4ft. 1723. (B. M. 550, under name of S. rosea.) 



S. spinulosa (slightly spiny). A synonym of S. glabrata. 



SAMYDACE2E. A natural order of glabrous, pubes- 

 cent, or tomentose trees or shrubs, broadly dispersed 

 over tropical regions. Flowers regular, usually herm- 

 aphrodite, inconspicuous, racemed, fascicled, or panicled ; 

 calyx coriaceous, persistent, the tube usually free, the limb 

 of three to seven imbricate or valvate lobes; petals as 

 many as the calyx lobes, and similar, rarely more or 

 wanting, imbricate in bud ; stamens definite or indefinite, 

 in one or many series, usually alternating with staminodes, 

 equidistant or collected in fascicles ; filaments filiform or 

 capillary, free or connate ; anthers didymous or oblong ; 

 pedicels articulated and bibracteolate. Fruit indehiscent 

 or capsular, one-celled, one or many-seeded, three to five- 

 valved at the top and throughout its length. Leaves 

 petiolate, simple, alternate and distichous, rarely opposite 

 or whorled, sometimes pellucid-dotted, entire or serrated, 

 the teeth sometimes gland-tipped ; stipules small, usually 

 deciduous, or absent, rarely leafy. The order comprises 

 seventeen genera, and about 150 species. Examples: 

 Abatia, Banara, Cascaria, Homalium, and Samyda. 



SANCHEZIA (named in honour of Josef Sanchez, 

 Professor of Botany at Cadiz). SYN. Ancylogyne. ORD. 

 Acanthacece. A noble genus of stove, erect, perennial herbs 

 or sub-shrubs, glabrous or loosely pilose above ; there are 

 about eight species, natives of Peru, Columbia, and Brazil. 

 Flowers orange, reddish, or purple, sessile in the axils 

 of the bracts, or shortly pedicellate and fascicled or 

 rarely solitary ; calyx deeply five-fid or five-parted ; corolla 

 tube long, cylindrical or slightly swollen above the 

 middle, limb of five rounded, spreading lobes ; bracts some- 

 times ample, in a cup-like fascicle, sometimes narrow or 

 email ; bracteoles resembling calyx segments. Leaves 

 opposite, ample, entire or scarcely toothed. Two species 



