AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



367 



Sarraceuia continued. 



greenish with dark purple ribs and veins ; lamina broadly reni- 

 form, undulated, reticulated with reddish-purple. Parents: 

 S. Drummondii alba and S. flava. 



S. Williams! (Williams').* I. quite erect, rather short, funnel- 

 shaped, constricted a short distance below the apex, gtreen, ribbed 

 with deep purplish-crimson ; wing veined with purplish-crimson ; 

 lamina very broad and full, cordate-reniform, strongly marked by 

 trichotomous ribs, united by smaller veins, the inside more closely 

 reticulated with deep purplish-crimson. A very distinct and 

 striking hybrid between S. purpurea and S. flata. 

 SARRACENIACE2E. A very small natural order 

 of curious, perennial herbs, inhabiting turfy, spongy 

 bogs in America. Flowers solitary or few, large, 

 racemose, nodding ; sepals four or five, free, hypo- 

 gynous, closely imbricated from the base, snb-petaloid, 

 persistent; petals five, free, hypogynous, imbricated, 

 deciduous, or (in Heliamphora) wanting ; stamens 

 numerous, hypogynous, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers 

 two-celled ; scapes naked or few-bracted. Leaves all 

 radical, with a tubular or amphora-shaped petiole 

 (pitcher) ; blade (lid) small, rounded, usually lying on 

 the orifice of the petiole. " Sarracenia rubra has been 

 vaunted in Canada as a specific against small-pox, but 

 has not proved such. The pitcher-shaped leaves are 

 effective insect traps; a sugary secretion exudes at the 

 mouth of the pitcher, and attracts the insects, which 

 descend lower in the tube, where they meet with a belt 

 of reflexed hairs, which facilitate their descent into a 

 watery fluid that fills the bottom of the cavity, and at 

 the same time prevents their egress " (Le Maout and 

 Decaisne). The order embraces three genera Darling- 

 tonia, Heliamphora, and Sarracenia and eight species. 



SARSAPARILLA. A name applied to the roots 

 of several plants, more especially those of certain species 

 of Smilax, 



SASHES. Any framework in a glass structure, in 

 which glass is embedded, whether fixed to the rafters 

 or not, might be called a Sash, but the term is most 

 generally used in teference to glazed frames which open 

 for purposes of ventilation in a house, or are used on 

 pits, &c., where they may be kept on or pulled off, as 

 considered requisite. These latter are called movable 

 Sashes. In houses of modern construction, most ven- 

 tilating Sashes are made to open by means of iron 

 gearing and levers, an arrangement which is much to be 

 commended for its easy and effectual mode of working. 



SASSAFRAS (from Sassafras, the Spanish word for 

 Saxifrage, like virtues to which plant it was supposed 

 to possess). ORD. Laurinece. A monotypio genus. The 

 species is an ornamental, hardy, deciduous tree, with 

 spicy-aromatic bark, and very mucilaginous twigs and 

 foliage. In Virginia, a kind of beer is manufactured 

 from the young shoots ; other parts of the tree are of 

 economical value, the oil extracted from the fruits 

 being used by perfumers. The tree is frequently grown 

 in this country ; it is remarkable for the variety it ex- 

 hibits in the shape and size of its leaves. For culture, 

 &c., see Lauras. 



S. offlcinale (officinal). Sassafras-tree. fl. greenish-yellow, 

 shortly and loosely racemose; perianth tube very short, the 

 limb segments six (sometimes variously abnormal) ; bracts small, 

 narrow; racemes nearly umbelliform, shortly pedunculate. 

 April I. alternate, membranous, penniveined, ovate, entire, or 

 some of them three-lobed, soon glabrous, h. 15ft to 30ft. 

 Eastern United States, 1635. (B. M. PJ. 220 ; T. S. M. 360.) 

 SYN. Laurus Sassafras. 



SASSAFRAS, CALIFORNIAN. See Umbelhi- 

 laria californica. 



SASSAFRAS, SWAMP. A common name for 

 Magnolia glauca. 



SASSAFRAS, TASMANIAN. A name applied 

 to Atherosperma moschata. 



SASSAFRAS-TREE. See Sassafras officinale. 

 SATIN FLOWER. See SisyrincMum, 

 SATIN MOTH. See Liparia. 



See Cliloroxylou Swie- 



SATINWOOD-TREE. 



tenia. 



SATIVUS. Cultivated. 



SATUREIA (the old Latin name used by Pliny). 

 ORD. Labiates. A genus comprising about fourteen species 

 of highly aromatic, hardy herbs or under-shrubs ; one is 

 a native of Florida, and the rest inhabit the Mediter- 

 ranean region. Flowers whorled; calyx five-toothed or 

 very obscurely bilabiate ; corolla tube equalling the 

 calyx or bracteoles, the limb bilabiate ; stamens four, 

 distant. Leaves small, entire, often fascicled; floral and 

 cauline ones conformed, or the uppermost ones reduced 

 to email bracts. Several species have been introduced, 

 but only two call for notice here. The leaves of both 

 are employed, like other sweet herbs, for seasoning, in 

 cookery. " Both species were noticed by Virgil as being 

 among the most fragrant of herbs, and on this account 

 were recommended to be grown near bee-hives. Vinegar, 

 flavoured with Savory and other aromatic herbs, was 

 as much used by the ancient Eomans as Mint-sauce is 

 at the present day with us" (Lindley and Moore). 



S. hortensis (garden). Summer Savory, fl. pale lilac, small, 

 axillary, on short pedicels ; common peduncle sometimes three- 

 flowered. July. I. oblong-linear, acute, shortly narrowed at base 

 into the petioles, h. 6in. or rather more. South Europe, 1562. 

 A pubescent annual. See also Savory, Summer. 



S. montana (mountain). Winter Savory, fl. very pale purple ; 



cymes shortly pedunculate, approximating in a spike or raceme. 

 June. I. oblong, linear, and acute, or the lower ones s 

 or cuneate and obtuse. Stems woody at base, diffu 



me. I. oblong, linear, and acute, or the lower ones spathulate 

 r cuneate and obtuse. Stems woody at base, diffuse, much 

 branched. South Europe, 1562. A glabrous or scabrous-put 

 under-shrub. (S. F. G. 543.) See also Savory, Winter. 



SATYRIUM (Satyrion was the name given by 

 Dioscorides to one of the Orchids, from saturos, a 

 satyr; alluding to supposed aphrodisiacal properties). 

 SYN. Diplecthrum. ORD. Orchidece. A rather large 

 genus (nearly fifty species have been described) of 

 stove, greenhouse, or half-hardy, terrestrial, tuberous- 

 rooted orchids, inhabiting the East Indies, the Masca- 

 rene Islands, and, for the most part, Southern and 

 tropical Africa. Flowers mediocre or rather large, 

 rarely small, in dense spikes; sepals and petals free, 

 much spreading or reflexed ; lip sessile at the base of 

 the column, broad, concave, galeate, or cucullate, un- 

 divided, double-spurred, or bisaccate ; bracts membranous 

 or somewhat leafy. Leaves few on the lower part of 

 the stem, rarely many at the sides of a tall stem. 

 Tuber undivided. The species in cultivation are de- 

 scribed below. Most of them will succeed admirably 

 in a cold frame, in a compost of turfy peat, fibry loam, 

 and sand, with plenty of drainage. S. ciliatum and 

 S. nepalense thrive under similar treatment as regards 

 compost, but require a greenhouse temperature. Propa- 

 gation may be effected by division of the roots, made as 

 fresh growth is commencing. Except where otherwise 

 indicated, the under-mentioned species are South African. 

 S. aureum (golden).* fl. deep orange-colour, shaded with rich 

 crimson. July and August, and continuing in perfection a 

 long time. h. 1ft or more. 1842. A fine plant. (P. M. B. 

 xv. B 31.) 



S. candidum (white), fl. white, very sweetly aromatic ; sepals 

 linear, spreading ; petals smaller, ascending, recurved at apex ; 

 lip inflated, obtuse. September. I. twin, somewhat roundish- 

 ovate, glabrous. A. sometimes lift. 1836. 



S. carnenm (flesh-coloured), fl. white, suffused with flesh-colour, 

 large ; sepals obtuse ; petals inequilateral ; lip galeate, apiculate, 



radical, twin, 

 h. lift. 1797. (] 



B. M. 



reflexed ; bracts rose-margined. June, 

 cular, fleshy; sheaths leafy, cucullate. 

 1512; F. d. S. 329.) 



S. ciliatum (ciliated), fl. pinkish-white ; sepals linear, narrower 

 than the petals, ciliated ; lip galeate, the spurs very short; bracts 

 very long, leafy; spike oval, imbricated. August. I. ovate- 

 lanceolate, erect. Himalayas, 1880. 



S. coriifolium (leathery-leaved).* ft. yellow ; sepals and petals 

 linear, obtuse, glabrous, shorter than the orbicular lip ; 

 cylindrical, obtuse, bearded within ; bracts ovate, reflexed ; i 

 few-flowered. October. I. oblong-lanceolate, acute, s 

 slightly scabrous on the margins, h. 1ft 1820. (B. 

 B. B. 703 ; S. B. F. Q. ii. 3 ; L. B. C. 104, under name of S. cucuJ. 

 latuin.) 



