AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



369 



Saurarus continued. 



lanceolate ; filaments long and capillary. June to August L 



cordate, acuminate, converging-ribbed, without distinct stipules. 



Stem Iff to 2ft high. North America, 1758. 

 S. chinensis (Chinese). A synonym of S. Lourein. 

 S. Lonreiri (Loureiro's). This is closely allied to S. cernutu, but 



may be distinguished by the following characters : filaments verv 



short; ' " ' 



Asia, 



> : spike equalling the leaves ; stem very angular. Eastern 

 1819. (B. G. 756.) SY.N. S. chinentit. 



FIG. 421. FLOWERI.NG BRANCH OP SACVAGESU EHECTA. 



SAUSSUREA (named after the Swiss philosopher 

 Horace Benedict de Saussure, 1740-1799, who pos- 

 sessed a considerable knowledge of botany). Sawwort. 

 SYNS. Bennetia, Heterotrichum (of Bieberetein). Includ- 

 ing Aplotaxis and F rolovia. OKD. Compositce. A genns 

 comprising about sixty species of hardy, glabrous or 

 wbite-tomentose, perennial herbs, mostly found on moun- 

 tains in Europe, Asia, and North America. Flower-heads 

 purplish or bluish, sometimes narrow and corymbose, 

 sometimes broader and pedunculate, solitary or loosely 

 paniculate ; involucre ovoid, oblong or globose, with many 

 series of closely imbricated bracts, the outer ones elon- 

 gated ; receptacle flat or convex, densely bristly-paleaceous 

 or rarely naked ; rays sometimes deeply five-fid ; achenes 

 glabrous; pappus bristles in one or two series. Leaves 

 alternate, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, the teeth or 

 lobes unarmed. The species are not very ornamental. 

 A selection of those introduced is given below. They 

 thrive in ordinary garden soil, and may be increased by 

 seeds. 



S. albescens (whitish). JL-headt purple; involucre oblong, 

 slightly hoary, the scales very acuminate ; corymbs compound, 

 many-beaded. July L white-tomentose beneath ; canlme ones 

 Se, ovat"obtu% sub-entire, h. 2ft. Nepaul, 1837. SYS. 

 4phfrim albescent. 



S. alpina (alpine). JL-headg purple, 2in. to 3in. in diameter; 

 involucre ovoid, with obtuse, woolly bracts ; corymbs dense. 

 August J. oblong-lanceolate, toothed, cottony beneath ; lower 

 ones petioled, 4in. to Tin. long, acuminate ; upper ones smaller, 

 sessile. Stem simple, tin. to 8in. high, stout, erect, leafy. 

 Europe (Britain), Ac. (Sy. En. B. 703.) 



S. elegana (elegant). JL-heads pink, corymbose ; involucre sub- 

 cylindrical, hoary-villons, the outer scales ovate, the inner ones 

 oblong July. I. slightly scabrous above, cobwebby-tomentose 

 beneath ; lower ones lyrately pinnatifid or toothed ; upper ones 

 oblong, nearly entire, acuminate at both ends. A. 2ft Caucasus, 

 1820. 



S. pulchella (pretty).* JL-head* purple, globose, corymbose ; 

 outer involncral scales tomentose, inner ones coloured. July. 

 L slightly scabrous, pinnatifid ; segments linear -acute, slightly 

 toothed; cauline leaves sub-decurrent, the uppermost ones 

 undivided. A. 2ft Siberia, <fcc., 1855. (B. B. KTUJL 18; B. M. 

 2589, under name of Serratula puicUUa.) 



Saussurea continued. 



S. pygmsea (dwarf), fl.-headi purple ; involucral scales slightly 

 hairy, all acuminated. July. . I. mostly clustered, sessile, linear, 

 sub-entire, with revolnte margins, slightly hairy beneath. Steins 

 dwarf, sparsely leafy, one-headed, h. 1ft Eastern Europe, 

 1816. (J. F. A. 440, under name of Serratula pygrncca.) 



SAUSSUREA (of Salisbury). A synonym of Funtio. 



SAUSSURIA (of Mcanch). A synonym of Nepeta 

 (which see). 



SAUVAGESIA (named after Francis Bossier de 

 Sanvages, 1706-1767, Professor of Botany at Montpelier, 

 and a friend and correspondent of Linnaeus). OED. 

 Violarieae. A genus containing about ten species of 

 stove, highly glabrous herbs or sub-shrubs, all tropical 

 American. Flowers white, pink, or violet, axillary or 

 disposed in terminal racemes ; sepals sub-equal ; petals 

 equal, convolute. Leaves alternate, rather rigid, entire 

 or serrulated; stipules pectinate-ciliated. The species 

 introduced is a charming little annual. Seeds should 

 be thinly sown, during March, in pots of loam and 

 peat, and the young plants treated as other stove 

 annuals. 



S. erecta (erect). Iron Shrnb ; St. Martin's Herb, f, pink or 

 purple-red; sepals aristate-acnminate ; petals obovate, apicu- 

 late. May to October. I. lanceolate, serrated. Stem branched, 

 procumbent or erect h. 6in. Mexico, 1824. See Fig. 42L SY.N. 

 S. geminiflora. 



S. geminiflora (twin-flowered). A synonym of S. erecta. 

 SAUVAGESIE2E. A tribe of Violariea. 



SAVANNAH FLOWER. A name applied to 

 Echitet tuberecta, and other species. 



SAVASTANA. A synonym of Hierochloe (which 

 tee). 



SAVIN-TREE. See Junipems Sabina. 



SAVORY, SUMMER (Satureia hortensis). A hardy 

 annual, native of Southern Europe, cultivated for its 

 aromatic tops, which are used, in culinary preparations, 

 for flavouring and seasoning. It is raised from seeds, 

 which should be sown early in April, in shallow drills, 

 about 1ft. apart. Select a sunny situation, and thin out 

 , the seedlings, when large enough, to 6in. asunder in the 

 rows. When the plants are in flower, they may be 

 pulled up, tied in bundles, and dried for winter use. 



SAVORY, WINTER (Satureia montana). A dwarf, 

 hardy, evergreen under-shrub, also a native of Southern 

 Europe, and grown for the same purposes as Summer 

 Savory. It may be raised from seeds, sown at a similar 

 period, and in the same way ; also from cuttings and 

 divisions. Cuttings formed of young side shoots, with a 

 heel attached, may be readily rooted under a hand glass, or 

 in a shady border outside. Divisions should be made in 

 March or April, and plants obtained in this way, or from 

 cuttings, should be permanently inserted in rows, at dis- 

 tances of about 1ft apart, during a showery period, at 

 the latter part of summer. 



SAVOURY AKEE-TREE. See Cnpania sapida. 



SAVOY CABBAGE. See Brassica oleracea 

 bullata major and Cabbage. 



S A W llUST. This is occasionally used as a manure ; 

 but it decays so slowly that it is little esteemed for this 

 purpose. Applied in considerable quantity, it has bee'n 

 found to produce little effect the first year ; but each 

 succeeding year the crop was increased, till it reached 

 its mftTi'mnm in the fourth year. Sawdust should be 

 made up into a compost with farmyard manure, earth, 

 and other materials; and the value of the compost is 

 much increased by saturation with liquid manures, gas- 

 liquor, or other fluids containing ammonia. The manurial 

 value of Sawdust is considerably greater when it is well 

 decayed than while it is fresh ; but the material can be 

 recommended as manure only when there are accumu- 

 lations of it to be disposed of. 



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