AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



393 



Sclerotia continued. 



several are formed on living plants. Among these are 

 the following: In Potato stems, the Sclerotium from 

 Peziza postuma is produced ; on most herbaceous stems 

 S. durum appears in long, black ridges or warts, from 

 which arises a mould (Polyactis cinerea), followed, after 

 a time, by Peziza Fuckeliana; 8. cepcevorum, which 

 produces Mucor subtilissimus on Onions; 8. clavus, the 

 Ergot of grasses, from which Claviceps purpurea is 

 developed ; and a Sclerotium which fills the berries 

 of Vaccinium Myrtillus, and gives origin to Peziza 

 (Sclerotinia) baccarum. Sclerotia are not themselves a 

 cause of disease in plants, but are organs by which 

 disease-producing Fungi are propagated. When any 

 cultivated plants are attacked by Fungi that produce 

 Sclerotia, the only safe method of treatment is to burn 

 all parts that bear the latter, to prevent the spread of 

 disease the following year. 



SCLERiOXYLON. A synonym of Myraine (which 

 see). 



SCOBIFOKM. Eesembling sawdust. 

 SCOLIOSORUS. Included under Antrophyum. 

 SCOLOCHLOA. A synonym of Arundo. 



Scolopendrium continued. 



pairs of similar lateral ones ; veins usually once forked, 

 oblique, Jin. to Jin. long, one line broad. Philippines 



S. rhizophyllum (rooting - fronded). tti. lin. to 4in. lomr 

 naked, compressed, chestnut-brown below, fronds 4in. to 9in 

 long, lanceolate, from an auricled cordate base, the point 



^ sbort> irregular ' 



S. vulgare (common). Burnt Weed ; Christ's Hair ; Common 

 Hartstongue. rhiz. very stout, often scaly (as well as the stipes 

 and midnb). sti. very stout, 4in. to Sin. long, fronds 6in. to 

 18in. long, broadest in the middle, flaccid, bright green : basal 

 lobes usually auricled, converging ; margins undulated ; midrib 

 stout, son parallel, at right angles to the midrib, very variable 

 in length and number. Europe (Britain). SYN. S. officinarum. 

 The following are some of the best marked varieties of this 



S. V. acrocladon (branch - tipped). fronds very distinct 



narrow-linear, crested and branched at the apex. 

 S. v. olaphamil (Clapham). fronds forked and crested at the 



apex, lacmiate and lobed on the margins. 

 S. y. oolumnare (columnar), fronds having the rachia fringed 



with a narrow, wing-like membrane, leaving only a dense 



multifld head. h. 6in. 

 S. V. Coolingii (Cooling's). A form about 4in. broad and hih 



much branched. The plant is almost spherical in shape. 

 S. V. crispum (curled), fronds 1ft. to lift, long, always barren 



under cultivation ; margins crenated and undulated, imparting a 



\ 



Fio. 452. ROOTING FROND OF SCOLOPENDRIUM RHIZOPHYLLUM. 



SCOLOPENDRIUM (the ancient Greek name of 

 the genus, used by Theophrastus ; it was said to be so- 

 called because the numerous parallel lines of fruit 

 resemble the feet of the Centipede, or Scolopendra). 

 Hartstongne. Including Antigramme, Camptosorus, and 

 Schaffneria. OED. Filices. A genus comprising about 

 nine species of interesting, stove, greenhouse, or hardy 

 ferns, inhabiting temperate and tropical regions. Sori 

 attached to the veins, oblique with regard to the midrib, 

 or occasionally almost parallel with it, linear or oblong; 

 involucres arranged in pairs, and open towards each other. 

 The species thrive on rockwork ; they will also succeed 

 in shady situations, where scarcely any other plant would 

 live. Of 8. vulgare, the common British Hartstongue, a 

 multitude of varieties are grown in gardens, and present 

 a wonderful series of interesting variations from the 

 normal state of the plant. The best known species and 

 varieties are described below ; except where otherwise 

 indicated, all are hardy. For general culture, see Ferns. 



S. Hemionitis (Hemionitis-like). Mule's Fern. sti. 4in. to 6in. 

 long, slender, slightly flbrillose. fronds 4in. to 6in. long, oblong- 

 lanceolate, hastate-cordate at base, with short and rounded, or 

 prominent and almost acute, lobes. South Europe, 1779. 



S. Krebsli (Krebs'). A form of Lomaria punctulata. 



S. officinarum (officinal). A synonym of S. vulgare. 



S. plnnatnm (pinnate), sti. compressed, greyish, fronds 2ft. to 

 4ft. long, with an entire terminal pinna, 4in. to 6in. lone, and 

 liin. to 2in. broad, proliferous at the point, and one 



six 



handsome, frilled appearance. There are many forms of this 

 variety, the most important of which are : fertile, latum, and 

 mimis. 



S. v. cristatum (crested), fronds branched at the apex the 

 branches again forked, thus forming a large crest See Fig. 453. 



Vol. HL 



Fio. 453. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE CRISTATUM. 



The form lato-digitatum has digitately-branched fronds, and 

 irregularly-laciniate and wavy divisions. See Fig. 454. 



3E 



