AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



397 



Scorzonera continued. 



pure white internally, of a sweet and agreeable flavour. A. 3ft. 



South Europe, &c., 1576. See Fig. 460. 

 S. laoiniata (torn), ft.-hcads yellow ; involucral scales slightly 



hooked at the apex. June and July. L pinnatisect ; lobes linear, 



entire. Stems sub-erect, naked and one-headed at the apex. 



h. 2ft. South Europe, 1640. Biennial. 

 S. mollis (soft), fl.-hcads yellow, the rays purplish beneath ; 



volucre, as 

 wooUy-villous. 



the elongated, sub-corymbose peduncles, 

 June and July. I. linear-subulate, keeled, 



woolly-villous ; old ones nearly glabrous ; young ones undulately 

 crisped on the margins, h. lift. Caucasus, 1818. (B. M. 3027.) 



S. purpurea (purple), fl.-heads purplish ; involucre cylindrical, 

 the scales broadly lanceolate, not ciliated ; achenes smooth. May 

 and June. I. linear-subulate, channelled, triquetrous. Stems 

 branched, two to five-headed. Root cylindrical-fusiform, h. 2ft. 

 Eastern Europe, Ac., 1759. (J. F. A. 35.) 



S. p. grandlflora (large-flowered). A more showy and much 

 stouter plant than the type, with larger flowers. (B. M. 2294.) 



S. p. rosea (rosy), fl.-heads rose-pink; involucral scales lanceo- 

 late, acuminate ; achenes silicate, muricated above. July. 

 L, radical ones elongated, linear-lanceolate, flat, glabrous; 

 c:iuline ones few, carinate-linear. Stems simple, one-headed. 

 A. lift. Eastern Europe, &c., 1807. 



S. undulata (undulated).* JL-headg purplish-rose, 2in. to 2in. in 

 diameter ; involucre cylindric, white-downy ; peduncles slender, 

 green or purplish. July. I., radical ones nearly 1ft. long, 

 narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire, rather long-petiolate, with a 

 yellow midrib ; cauline ones Sin. to 6in. long, gradually narrowed 

 from a broad, sessile base to a very fine point. Stem 1ft. to 2ft. 

 high, slender, branched. Algeria and Morocco, 1874. (B. M. 

 6127.) 



SCOTCH BONNETS. A common name for 

 Marasmius oreades. 



SCOTCH FINE. See Finns sylvestris. 



SCOTCH PRIMROSE. A common name for 

 Primula scotica. 



SCOTTEA (named in honour of E. Scott, M.D., Pro- 

 fessor of Botany in Dublin). ORD. Leguminosce. A 

 monotypic genus, now included, by Bentham, under 

 Boisscea. The species and its varieties are elegant, 

 greenhouse, evergreen shrubs, thriving in sandy peat. 

 Propagated freely by cuttings of the young wood, in- 

 serted in sand, under a glass. 



S. dentata (toothed). /. orange-red or yellow, more or less tinged 

 with green, on solitary pedicels ; calyx iin. to iin. long, with 

 short, obtuse teeth ; standard iin. to in. long ; keel and wings 

 over Jin. long ; bracts broad and rigid, but very deciduous. 

 Summer. I. opposite, varying from broadly ovate-cordate or tri- 

 angular to hastate-lanceolate or almost linear, iin. to Iin. long, 

 acute or obtuse, irregularly denticulate, h. 3ft to 7ft. Australia, 

 1803. (L. B. C. 145a) 



S. d. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). I. hastate-lanceolate to 

 almost linear ; margins revolute. 1825. (B. R. 1266, under name 

 of & angustifolia.) 



S. d. hastata (halberd-shaped). I. ovate-hastate or hastate- 

 lanceolate, 3in. to above Iin. long, iin. to Jin. broad. 1833. 

 (B. 134 and B. R. 1233, under name of S. dentata ; B. R. 1652, 

 under name of S. Icevis.) 



SCRAPERS. Scrapers of some description should 

 be placed in various positions in gardens, particularly at 

 points where there are paths cut in the ordinary soil 

 joining others with a gravel surface. It matters little 

 what sort is used if they are securely fixed into blocks 

 of wood to keep them firm. 



SCREENS. A shrubbery or belt of fast-growing 

 trees is termed a Screen, when planted for affording 

 shelter to a garden, an orchard, or any separate part of 

 a garden requiring protection from an unfavourable 

 quarter. Gardens on the sea-coast invariably need a 

 shelter or Screen from the wind and salt spray ; this is 

 generally provided by planting a belt of trees or shrubs 

 that are known to succeed in such situations. The term 

 also denotes anything erected or grown to hide an un- 

 sightly object from any particular point, such as from 

 one of the principal walks in a garden. This may be 

 done effectually, if only to a moderate height, by lattice- 

 work, with Ivy or other creepers trained upon it, and 

 more extensively by free- growing trees and evergreen 

 shrubs. There are numerous methods of forming Screens ; 



Screens continued. 



some are of general application, but there are many in- 

 stances where special preparations have to be made to 

 meet peculiar local requirements. 



SCREW FINE. See Fandanns. 



SCREW-TREE. A common name for Helicteres. 

 SCROBICULATE. Marked by tiny depressions. 



SCROFULA-LEAF, or SCROFULA-WEED. 



A name applied to Goodyera pubescens. 



SCROFHULARIA (so named in reference to its 

 former supposed benefit in cases of scrofula, owing 

 to the resemblance of the roots of some species to 

 scrofulous tumours). Figwort. OBD. Scrophularineas. 

 A genus comprising about 120 species (which number 

 may, according to Bentham and Hooker, be reduced to 

 100) of mostly hardy, often foetid, annual, biennial, or 

 perennial herbs or sub-shrubs, broadly dispersed over 

 the extra-tropical regions of the Northern hemisphere. 

 Flowers greenish-purple, lurid-purple, or yellow, generally 

 rather small, in paniculate, thyrsoid cymes; calyx deeply 

 five-cleft or five-parted; corolla tube ventricose, globose 

 or oblong ; lobes five, short and flat, the four upper 

 ones erect, the lowest spreading ; perfect stamens four, 

 the fifth usually rudimentary. Leaves opposite, or the 

 upper ones alternate, entire, cut, or dissected, often 

 pellucid- dotted. 8. aquatica (Brook or Water Be tony, 

 &c.), S. nodosa (Murrain Grass, &c.), and S. Scordonia, 

 are natives of Britain, while 8. vernalis has become 

 naturalised. Few of the species have any horticultural 

 value. Only one calls for mention here. It thrives in 

 ordinary garden soil, as a pot plant, in a cool frame, and 

 may be multiplied by seeds. 



S. chrysantha (golden-flowered).* fl. iin. long, drooping ; corolla 

 golden-yellow, ovoid, turgid, contracted at the mouth ; cymes 

 densely packed in the upper leaf axils, forming a rounded head 

 2in. in diameter. March. I. 2in. to Sin. broad, ovate- or 

 orbicular - cordate, lobulate and toothed, convex, wrinkled. 

 h. 6in. to 18in. Caucasus, dec., 1882. A stout, erect biennial. 

 (B. M. 6629.) 



SCROPHULARINE.JE. A natural order of herbs, 

 sub-shrubs, shrubs, or small trees, found in all climates, 

 but mostly in temperate regions. Flowers hermaphro- 

 dite, often irregular; calyx inferior, persistent, with five, 

 rarely four, teeth or lobes; corolla gamopetalous ; limb 

 of five or four, very rarely six or eight, equally spread- 

 ing lobes, or more or less bilabiate, with the upper lip 

 entire, emarginate, or bilobed, and the lower one trilobed 

 and often spreading ; stamens often four, didynamous, 

 or two, alternating with the corolla lobes ; anthers two- 

 celled, sometimes one-celled by the confluence of the 

 sutures across the top of the connective; inflorescence 

 variable. Capsules variable, dehiscent, or rarely baccate 

 and indehiscent. Leaves, in a few genera, all alternate, 

 in most cases the lower ones (or all) opposite or whorled, 

 the upper and floral ones often alternate, entire, toothed, 

 or rarely variously lobed or dissected ; stipules none. 

 Many of the species are of medicinal value: chief 

 among these is the Foxglove. The order is a most im- 

 portant one from a horticultural standpoint, contributing, 

 as it does, so many beautiful plants to our gardens. It 

 embraces, according to Bentham and Hooker, 157 genera 

 and nearly 1900 species, and is divided by those authors 

 into twelve tribes: Antirrhinece, Aptosimeae, Calceolareoe, 

 ChelonecB, Digitaleas, Euphrasiece, Gerardieee, Gratioleas, 

 HemimerideoB, Leucophyllece, Manuleiece, and Verbascece. 

 Among the many well-known genera, the following may 

 be cited as examples: Antirrhinum, Calceolaria, Chelone, 

 Digitalis, Mimulus, Pentstemon, and Verbaecum. 



SCROTIFORM. Pouch-like. 



SCRUBBY OAK. 

 SCRUB OAK. S, 



See Lopkira africana. 

 Quercus Catesbaei. 



