AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



419 



Sempervivnm continued. 



S. Segnieri (Seguier's). A garden synonym of S. calcaratum. 



S. Smithii (Smith's), fl. pale yellow, sessile ; petals twelve, oval- 

 oblong, spreading ; branches of the panicle revolute at the points, 

 bearing flowers on the upper side. July and August. I. scat- 

 tered, obovate, acuminate, flat, concave, slightly spotted. Stem 

 erect, hispid. A. 1ft Canary Islands, 1815. Greenhouse, ever- 

 green shrub. (B. M. 1980.) 



S. soboliferam (sobole-bearing).* Hen-and-Chickens House- 

 leek. A. six or seven-parted ; petals pale yellow, lanceolate, 

 jin. long, obscurely tricuspidate ; panicle short, dense, many- 

 flowered. Sin. to 4in. in diameter, the lower flowers distinctly 

 pedicellate. Summer. I. sixty to eighty to a rosette, obovate- 

 cuneate, obscurely cuspidate, minutely ciliated on the edges ; 

 outer ones tinted with bright red-brown, Jin. to lin. long. 

 Flowering stem 6in. to 9in. long, very robust, quite hidden by 

 the leaves. Barren rosettes globose, lin. to liin. in diameter; 

 the copious new sessile ones attached to the parent only by a 

 slender thread. Austria. A well-known garden plant (B. M. 

 1457 ; J. F. A. 12, under name of S. hirtum.) 



S. stellatum (star-like), fi. golden-yellow, panicled ; petals six 

 to eight, spreading ; scales palmate, with subulate lobes. July 

 and August I. scattered, oblong, spathulately cuneiform, 

 obtuse, villous. Stem erect, branched, puberulous. A. 6in. 

 Madeira, 1790. Greenhouse annual. (B. M. 1809, under name 

 of S. viUoiwm.) 



S. tabnlaeforme (table-formed).* fl. very pale sulphur-coloured : 

 petals ten to twelve, linear-lanceolate ; glands minute, peduncu- 

 late. June and July. I. spathulate, flat, ciliated, attenuated at 

 base, crowded at the top of the stem, and forming a flat, rosulate 

 disk, in consequence of being so closely imbricated over each 

 other. A. 1ft. Madeira, 1817. Greenhouse, evergreen shrub. 



S. tectonun (roof-loving). Bullock's Eye ; Common Houseleek ; 

 Jupiter's Beard ; Sengreen. A. Jin. to lin. in diameter ; petals 

 linear, pale red, keeled with deeper red ; filaments bright purple ; 

 panicle 5in. to 6in. long, with ten or twelve scorpioid branches. 

 July. L fifty to sixty to a rosette, obovate-cuneate, cuspidate, 

 liin. to 2in., or finally 3in., long, pale green, with a distinct red- 

 brown tip, the edges ciliated. Flowering stem about 1ft long, 

 densely pilose. Barren rosettes Sin. to 4m. in diameter. Britain 

 (but not indigenous). (Sy. En. B. 538.) 



S. t. atlanticum (Atlantic). See S. atlanticum. 



S. tortuosum (twisted). A. yellow ; petals seven or eight, spread- 

 ing ; scales two-lobed. July and August I. obovate-spathulate, 

 scattered, rather convex beneath, nearly or quite lin. long and 

 Jin. broad. Stem erect, branched. A. 6in. to 9in. Canary Islands, 

 1779. Greenhouse, evergreen shrub. (B. M. 296.) 



S. triste \sad). fl., calyx deeply tinted with red-brown ; corolla 

 bright red, lin. in diameter; panicle 6in. long, Sin. to 4in. 

 in diameter, the larger flowers distinctly pedicellate. Summer. 

 I. oblanceolate-cuneate, cuspidate, glabrous, the margins shortly 

 ciliated, the whole upper part, both back and face, suffused with 

 red-brown. Flowering stem as robust as in S. tettorum, its 

 leaves strongly tinted with red-brown, the lower ones 2in. to 

 Sin. Ion?. Barren rosettes 2in. to Sin. in diameter. A rare garden 

 form. 



S. urbicum (city), of Lindley. A synonym of S. hclochryyum. 



S. Verloti (Verlot's). fl. twelve to fourteen-parted, Jin. to lin. in 

 diameter ; petals rose-red, densely ciliated on the back and edge ; 

 filaments bright purple ; panicle Sin. to 4in. in diameter, each of 

 the simple branches eight to twelve-flowered. July. /. about 

 fifty to a rosette, oblanceolate-cuneate, cuspidate, faintly glaucous, 

 only red-brown at the extreme tip, ciliated on the margins, the 

 outer ones Jin. to lin. long. Flowering stems 6in. to 9in. long, the 

 lowest leaves about lin. long. Barren rosettes ljin. to 2m. in 

 diameter. Alps of Dauphine. 



S. villosum (villous). fl. yellow, with fringed scales. June and 

 July. L obovate, crowded, gibbous beneath, villous, five lines 

 long, three lines broad. Stem rather erect, twisted. A. 6in. to 

 9in. Canary Islands, 1777. Greenhouse, evergreen shrub. (B. R. 

 1553.) 



S. Wnlfeni (Wulfen's).* ji. twelve to fourteen-parted ; petals pale 

 yellow, Jin. long, linear ; filaments bright mauve-purple ; panicle 

 short, dense, 2in. to 3in. in diameter, densely pilose. Summer. 

 L about fifty to a rosette, obovate-cuneate, cuspidate, slightly 

 glaucous, faintly tinted with red-brown at the tip, the edges ciliated ; 



outer ones Jin." to lin. long. Flowering stem 6in. to 9in. long, 

 densely pilose upwards, its lanceolate leaves lin. to liin. long. 

 Barren rosettes liin. to 2in. in diameter. Central Europe. Habit 



densely pilose upwards, its lanceolate leaves lin. to 

 Barren rosettes liin. to 2in. in diameter. Central Eur 

 of S. Uctontm. (J. F. A. sup. 40, under name of S. glotriferum.) 

 S. Yonngianum (Young's). JL yellow. June. I. sub-cartila- 

 ginous, thick, shining green, obcordate-spathulate, sub-tetragonal 

 at base, obsoletely mucronate at apex, shortly ciliated on the 

 margins. Stem thick. A. 3ft Canary Islands, 1843. Greenhouse, 

 evergreen shrub. (B. R. xxx. 35, under name of jonium 

 Youngianum.) 



SENACIA. Included tinder Pittosporum. 

 SENARY. In sixes. 



SENECA, SENEGA, or SENEKA SNAKE- 

 BOOT. See Folygala Senega. 



SENECIO (the old Latin name used by Pliny, and 

 derived from senex, an old man ; alluding to the usually 

 white, hair-like pappus). Groundsel; Eagweed. In- 

 eluding Adenotrichia, Brachyrhynchos, Cacalia, Cine- 

 raria (in part), Farfugium, Gynoxys (in part), Jacoboea, 

 Kleinia (of Haworth), Ligularia, Pericallis, Senecillis, 

 and Syneilesis (Cacalia, Cineraria, and Ligularia, arc, 

 however, for garden purposes, kept distinct in this work). 

 OBD. Composite. A vast genus probably the most ex- 

 tensive in the vegetable kingdom comprising, accord- 

 ing to Bentham and Hooker, nearly 900 species of stove, 

 greenhouse, or hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial 

 herbs, sub-shrubs, or shrubs, rarely arborescent, dispersed 

 over the whole globe, but most numerous in tem- 

 perate or mountainous regions. Flower-heads radiate - 

 beterogamous or discoid-homogamous, solitary or corym- 

 bose, very rarely disposed in pyramidal panicles, sub- 

 racemose or sessile at the sides of the branches; 

 involucral bracts in one series, with sometimes a few 

 smaller ones at the baf-e, at length often reflexed; 

 receptacle flat or slightly convex ; ray florets, when 

 present, variously coloured, one-seriate, ligulate ; disk 

 yellow, whitish, or rarely purplish or violet ; achenes 

 glabrous or slightly villous, of variable form and size. 

 Leaves alternate or radical, entire, toothed, lobed, or 

 variously (often pinnately) dissected. The genus is 

 represented in Britain by nine species (two of which, 

 however, are not indigenous, but have become natural- 

 ised), including the Eagweed or Ragwort (S. Jacobaea) 

 and Groundsel (S. vulgaris). South Africa is richest 

 in species in the Old World, and the Andean region in 

 the New. A representative selection of the plants best 

 known to horticulturists is given below. Senecios are 

 easy to grow ; they succeed in almost any loamy soil. 

 The annuals may readily be increased by seeds, which, 

 in many instances, ripen in abundance. Other repre- 

 sentatives of the genus may be propagated by seeds, 

 by divisions, or by cuttings both of the shoots and 

 roots. See also Cacalia, Cineraria, and Ligularia. 



S. aconitifolius (Aconite-leaved), ft.-headi pinkish-red, small, 

 discoid, disposed in loose corymbs. *. on long petioles, palmately 

 parted ; lobes several, with a few strong teeth. Stem tall, striated. 

 Amur, North China, 1877. A hardy perennial, of little beauty. 

 SY.N. Syneilesi* aconitifolia (R. G. 887). 



S. Adenotrlcbia (Adenotrichia). jl.-heads yellow : involucre 

 campanulas, biseriate, the outer scales linear-subulate; ray 

 florets twelve to fifteen. May. 1. auriculate-amplexicaul, ob- 

 long, pinnatifid, unequally toothed. Branches nearly naked at 

 apex, dichotomously sub-corymbose. A. 2ft Chili, 1826. Green- 

 house, glandular-pilose sub-shrub. (B. R. 1190, under name of 

 Adenotrichia amplexicaulig.) 



S. ampullaceus (bottle-shaped), jl.-heads yellow, about lin. in 

 diameter, in a corymbose panicle ; involucre at length bottle- 

 shaped; ray florets few, spreading. July. L oblong, obtuse, 

 fleshy, deeply toothed, sub-cordate at base, semi-amplexicaul. 

 Stems striated, branched above. A. 2ft Texas, 1834. An erect, 

 highly glabrous, half-hardy annual. (B. M. 3487.) 



S. Antenphorbium (so named " because of its being a reputed 

 antidote against the acrid poison of the Cape Euphorbivm," 

 Hooker), jl.-heads yellow, with a rose tinge, lin. long, cylindric, 

 erect, solitary, axillary ; involucral bracts numerous ; florets all 

 tabular, scarcely exceeding the involucre ; peduncles very stout, 

 with a few scattered bracts. January. I. about lin. long, erect, 

 oblong or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, fleshy, entire, on very 

 short petioles. Stem thick, fleshy, cylindric ; branches iin. to 

 lin. in diameter, constricted at base. A. 3ft to 4ft South 

 Africa, Ac., 1596. Greenhouse, succulent shrub. (B. M. 6099.) 



S. argentens (silvery).* fl.-head* yellowish, solitary ; involucre 

 campanulate, scarcely bracteolate, with about twenty scales ; 

 ray florets about twelve, linear-oblong. Summer. L linear, 

 entire, obtuse ; upper ones few, acute. Branches adpressedly 

 silvery-tomentose. h. 1ft. to 2ft Chili. Greenhouse under-shrub. 



S. chordlfolia (cord-leaved).* jL-hetuJs yellow, very few, in. long, 

 narrow: involucral leaflets about sixteen, with a few bristle-shaped 

 bracteoles at base ; pappus white ; cymes very slender, 6in. to 

 lOin. long, sparingly forked, the branches erect July. /. 7in. to 

 lOin. long, Jin. in diameter, acute, cylindric, but flattened above 

 towards the base. Stem slightly branched, h. 1ft South Africa, 

 1862. A greenhouse, glabrous, fleshy sub-shrub. (B. M. 6216.) 



S. concolor (one-coloured), fl.-headu Uin. in diameter ; ray florets 

 mauve-purple ; disk white : anthers purple ; corymbs three 

 to five-headed. Summer. I. glabrous ; radical ones narrow- 

 oblanceolate, toothed ; cauline ones amplexicaul, broadly linear. 



