AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



17:* 



Spinach continued. 



Spinach intended for standing through the winter 

 should be sown, according to the locality, from the 

 middle of August till the middle of September, when it 

 is tolerably certain not to run to seed before winter. 

 In unfavourable districts, the former date will not be 

 too soon, while the latter will suit some localities. As 

 before noted, a favoured spot should be selected, and 

 the drills should be rather wider apart than for the 

 summer crops: about 15in. will be close enough. It is 

 often advisable to make two sowings for winter, as, if 

 the first proves too early, the second may be better 

 depended upon to succeed. 



Sorts. These are not numerous ; they are divided into 

 two classes, which are distinguished by the seeds, one 

 being smooth, the other prickly. The Bound-seeded, 

 known as Summer Spinach, is most extensively grown 

 in summer ; the Prickly, or Winter Spinach, is the 

 hardier of the two, and is sown for withstanding the 

 winter. Flanders Spinach and Lettuce-leaved Spinach 

 are varieties of the Bound-seeded class, which are not 

 always distinguished and grown separately from the com- 

 mon sort. 



Fungi. The only Fungus that has been recorded as 

 seriously destructive to Spinach is Peronospora effu*a. 

 For an account of this parasite, see Peronospora. 

 Plants attacked by it should be removed without delay, 

 and, if possible, burned, to destroy the spores of the 

 Fungus. 



Insects. The insect pests are not numerous, and 

 there are none that can be regarded as peculiarly attached 

 to this plant. Its chief foes are larvae of Moths, such 

 as are described under the headings Noctua, Flusia. 

 Potherb Moths, and Surface Caterpillars, where | 

 also information will be found as to the remedies to be 

 employed against their ravages. 



When the plants are allowed to run to seed, the in- 

 florescence is often infested by Aphis Rumicis, and 

 other kinds of Green Flies. See Aphides. 



SPINACH, MOUNTAIN. A name applied to 

 Atriplex hortensi-s. 



SPINACH, NEW ZEALAND. See Tetragonia 

 ezpansa. 



SPINACH, WILD. A common name for Cheno- 

 podium .Bonus-Henrietta. 



SPINACIA (from gptna, a prickle; alluding to the 

 prickly processes of the fruit). Spinach. OBD. Cheno- 

 podiacecB. A small genus (four species) of hardy, annual, 

 erect, glabrous herbs, natives of the Orient. Flowers 

 dioBcious, very rarely hermaphrodite, glomerate ; male 

 glomerules in terminal, interrupted spikes, females often 

 axillary. Leaves alternate, petiolate, triangular-ovate or 

 hastate, entire or sinuate-toothed. S. oleracea, a valu- 

 able herb, is the only species calling for description here. 

 For culture, &c., see Spinach. 

 S. oleracea (culinary). JL, males green, growing in long, terminal 



spikes ; females axillary, sessile, clustered. June. Seeds in some 



varieties prickly, in others smooth, i. large, thick, succulent, 



somewhat triangular, deep green, on long petioles. Stem erect,. 



large, round, hollow, about 2ft. high. 1568. The varieties 



glabra and spinosa represent the ROUND and PRICKLY SEEDED 



varieties. 



SPINDLE-TREE. See Euonymus. 

 SPINE. A sharp-pointed, woody or indurated body ; 

 a hardened leaf-stalk, stipule, abortive branch, or any 

 other process into the composition of which woody tissue 

 enters. 



SFINESCENT. Terminating in a sharp point or 

 spine. 



SFINOSE. Furnished with spines ; of a spiny 

 character. 



SPINULIFEROUS, SPINULOSE. Furnished 

 with diminutive spines. 



VOL in. 



SPIBJEA (the old Greek name used by Theophrastus, 

 probably from speiras, to wind ; alluding to the fitness of 

 the plants for forming into garlands). Meadow-sweet. 

 OBD. Rcsacece. A genus comprising about fifty species 

 of handsome (mostly deciduous and hardy) shrubs, snb- 

 Bhrubs, or herbs, broadly dispersed over the temperate 

 and sub-frigid regions of the Northern hemisphere, rarely 

 found in the tropics. Flowers pink or white, axillary or 

 terminal, variously clustered; calyx persistent, with an 

 urceolate, campanulate, or concave tube, and a limb of 

 four or five imbricated or valvate lobes ; petals four or five, 

 rounded, shortly clawed ; stamens twenty to sixty, in one, 

 two, or three series. Leaves alternate, simple or pinnate, 

 or twice or thrice ternate; stipules free, or adnate in a 

 sheath at the bases of the petioles, rarely obsolete. The 

 shrubby species succeed in almost any soil in open situa- 

 tions. The perennials prefer moist places and loamy soil, 

 particularly S. palmata and 8. Ulmaria, which succeed well 

 by the side of water. Shrubby Spiraeas are propagated 

 by cuttings of the young wood, inserted in sandy soil, and 

 kept close and shaded until rooted ; or by means of the 

 root-offsets which are so freely produced by most of the 

 species. The perennials may be increased by divisions. 



A modification of Maximowicz' key to the genus is 

 given below. Some of the sections are looked upon as 

 distinct genera by that author. 

 Arams, 



Flowers dioecious; calyx withering in fruit, hypogynous with tht 

 stamens. Carpels normally three, cartilaginous. Leaves re- 

 peatedly divided in a ternate manner. 



Aruncns 



astilboides 



Eriogynia. 



Flowers hermaphrodite ; calyx persistent in fruit, perigynons with 

 the stamens. Carpels two-valved, membranous, free ; seeds re- 

 sembling sawdust. Leaves twice ternately divided. 

 pectinate 



Spiriea proper. 



Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous; calyx persistent in 

 fruit, perigynous with the stamens. Carpels one-valved, carti- 

 laginous, free ; seeds several, more or less appendiculate ; 

 albumen none or almost obsolete. 



SECTION L PETROPHYTUM. 

 Flowers racemose ; pedicels of equal length, sometimes very short 



ciespitosa 



SECTION II. CHAM.SDRYON. 



Flowers not truly racemose ; pedicels of the corymbs or clusters 

 one-flowered, of unequal length. 



Series L Leaves of the flowering and sterile branches some- 

 what dissimilar, commonly very short 

 alpina 

 crenifolia 

 hypericifolia 

 prunifolia flore-pleno 

 Thunbergii 



Series 2. Leaves of the flowering and sterile branches similar, 

 usually elongated. 



Blumei 

 cana 



cantoniensis 

 chamtedrifolia 

 chinensis 

 media 

 pubescens 

 trilobata 



SECTION m. SPIRARU. 

 Corymbs or panicles compound. 

 Serifs L Flowers corymbose, 

 bella 



betulifolia 

 canescens 

 decnmbena 

 gracilis 



Series 2. Flower paniculate. 

 Douglasii 

 salictfolia 

 tomentosa 



Sibirroa. 



Flowers paniculate, dioecious, 

 hsvigata 



3 P 



