478 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Spiraea continued. 



unequally serrated. Stems 3ft. to 5ft. high, stoloniferous. Europe 



(naturalised in Britain). 

 S. 8. alpestrls (alpine). 1. shorter than those of S. . carnea. 



Branches very short. A small shrub. 

 S. 8. carnea (flesh-coloured), fl. flesh-coloured; panicles con- 



sisting of more or less spicate racemes. I. lanceolate. Bark of 



the branches yellowish. 

 S. s. grandlflora (large-flowered). /. pink, twice as large as 



those of the type. An ornamental, free-growing shrub. (L. B. C. 



1988, under name of S. grandi/lora.) 

 S. S. latlfolia (broad-leaved). 1. white. I. ovate-oblong. Bark 



of the branches reddish. 

 S. B. paniculata (panicled). /. white, in large, branching 



panicles Bark of branches reddish. SYNS. S. alba (Q. C. n. s., 



xii., p. 753; W. D. B. 33), S. paniculata alba. 

 S sorbifolia (Sorbus-leaved). fl. white, disposed in a thyrse-like 



panicle. July and August. I. stipuled, pinnate ; leaflets sessile, 



opposite, lanceolate, doubly and sharply serrated. A. 3ft. to 6ft. 



Siberia, 1759. 



S. splendens (splendid). A synonym of S. japonica splendent. 

 S. thalictroides (Meadow-rue-leaved). A synonym of S. hyperi- 



cifolia thalictroides. 

 S. Thunbergii (Thunberg's). fl.. white, axillary, mostly ternate ; 



ovary free, not inflated. Spring. I. exstipulate, linear or linear- 



lanceolate, attenuated and acute at both ends, mostly argutely 



serrulated, rarely entire, glabrous on both sides. A. 1ft. to 3ft. 



Japan. (S. Z. F. J. i. 69.) 

 S. tomcntosa (tomentose). ft. rose-coloured or rarely white, in 



short racemes, crowded into a dense panicle. July. I. simple, 



ovate or oblong, serrated ; under surface (as well as the stems 



very woolly. A. 3ft. North America, 1736. (T. S. M. 485.) 

 S. trifoliate (three-leaved). A synonym of Qillenia trifoliata. 

 S. trilobate (trilobed-leaved). fl. pure white ; sepals ascending ; 



corymbs numerous, compact, umbel-like. May. I. roundish, 



lobed, crenated, glabrous, reticulately veined. Branches as- 



cending horizontally. A. 1ft. to 2ft. Altaian Alps, 1801. A very 



handsome, low, erect shrub. (W. D. B. 68, under name of 



S. triloba.) 

 S. Ulmaria (Ulmaria).* Queen of the Meadows ; common 



Meadow-sweet, &c. fl. white, Jin. to 4|n. in diameter ; cymes 



corymbose, very compound, 2in. to 6in. in diame_ter, pubescent. 



June to August. I. interruptedly pinnate, white and downy 

 long ; 



beneath ; radical ones 1ft. to 2ft. 



terminal leaflet lin. to 



(Sy. En. B. 415.) 



S. U. phyllantha (leaf-flowered), fl., sepals distinct, stipitate, 

 transformed into whorled, lanceolate, sharply-serrated leaves ; 

 petals and stamens wanting, or, if present, more or less deformed. 



S. vaccinifolia (Whortleberry-leaved). fl. white, in large, loose, 

 shaggy panicles. July and August. I. smooth, ovate, crenate, on 

 Ions petioles, glaucous beneath. Branches weak, round, downy. 

 h. 1ft. to 2ft. Himalaya, 1838. SYNS. S. laxi/lora (L. & P. F. G. 

 ii. 183), S. rhamnifolia. 



S. venusta (charming). A garden synonym of S. lobata. 



S. v. albicans (whitish). A synonym of S. lobata albicans. 



S. vcstita (clothed), fl. white, Jin. in diameter ; calyx lobes 

 obtuse ; cymes oblong, much-branched, very many-flowered. 

 June. I. pinnatisect, sometimes hoary with thick white tomen- 

 tum beneath ; lateral leaflets small or wanting ; terminal one 

 2in. to 6in. in diameter, palmately three to flve-lobed, the lobes 

 acutely lobulate and toothed. A. 1ft. to lift Himalayas, 1838 

 Perennial. (B. R. 1841, 4, under name of S. kamtschatica hima- 

 lensis.) 



SPIRAL. Appearing as if wound round an axis. 

 SPIRANTHERA (from speira, a spiral, and anthera, 

 an anther; alluding to the spiral anthers). STN. Terp- 

 nanfhus. OBD. Rutacece. A monotypic genus. The 

 species is a very handsome, sweet-scented, highly gla- 

 brous, stove, evergreen shrub. It thrives in a compost 

 of peat and sandy loam. Propagation may be effected 

 by cuttings of half-ripened wood, inserted thinly in sand 

 under a glass, which must be occasionally removed in 

 order to prevent them from damping off, which they are 

 otherwise likely to do. 



S. odoratissima (very sweet-scented), fl. white, showy, sweet- 

 scented, corymbose, axillary and terminal; calyx five-toothed 

 cup-shaped ; petals five, elongate-linear, pubescent, imbricated ; 

 disk thick, erect, columnar ; stamens five, inserted at the base of 

 the torus. July. I. alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate leaflets 

 gland-dotted, acuminate, entire, glaucous beneath. A. 6ft. Brazil, 



SPIRANTHERA (of Hooker). A synonym of Pro- 

 naya (which see). 



sessile, or sometimes appearing 

 bercle on each side ; spike 

 I., lower ones linear or 



SPIRANTHES (from speiros, a spiral, and anthos, 

 a flower; alluding to the spiral inflorescence). Lady's 

 Tresses. SYNS. Aristotelea (of Loureiro), Cyclopogon, 

 Gyrostachys, Tbidium. Including Sarcoglottis, Sauro- 

 glossum, and Stenorhynchus. OBD. Orchideae. A large 

 genus (about eighty species) of stove, greenhouse, or 

 hardy, terrestrial orchids, broadly dispersed over tem- 

 perate and tropical regions. Flowers small or rather 

 large, in unilateral or dense, sessile spikes ; dorsal sepals 

 and petals erect, connivent or slightly coherent in an 

 upper lip or hood, or the ends alone spreading ; lateral 

 sepals free and more spreading, all nearly equal; lip 

 sessile or distinctly clawed, often embracing the terete 

 column by its broad base, spreading at apex, undivided 

 or three-lobed. Leaves variable. Stem leafy, or leafless 

 when flowering. Boot-fibres often fascicled on a short 

 rhizome, sometimes thickened into a tuber. The culti- 

 vated species are here described. Except where otherwise 

 indicated, stove treatment is necessary. The hardy species 

 thrive in turfy loam, amongst which pieces of chalk or 

 limestone should be mixed ; the stove and greenhouse 

 ones succeed in well-drained pots filled with a mixture of 

 turfy loam and fibrous peat, and during the season of 

 rest these latter should be kept rather dry. Propagation 

 is effected by carefully dividing the rootstocks of old 

 plants, just before growth commences. 



S. oestivalis (summer), fl. and bracts as in S. autumnalis, but 

 rather larger ; spike slightly pubescent, slender, many-flowered. 

 July and August. I. 2m. to 6in. long, narrowed below ; lower 

 ones on the flowering stem linear, resembling the radical leaves. 

 Stem 6in. to 18in. high, glabrous. Western Europe (Britain). 

 Hardy. (Sy. En. B. 1473.) 



S. australis (Southern). /. generally pink, with a white lip, 

 sessile ; lateral sepals obscurely dilated at base, but not saccate ; 

 the broad base of the lip quite sessile 

 raised on a very short claw, with a tul 

 spiral, very dense or rather loose. Jun 



narrow-lanceolate, IJin. to 4in. long; upper ones reduced to 

 scales. Stem 6in. to 12in. or more high. Australia, New 

 Zealand, tropical and temperate Asia, extending to some parts 

 of Europe. 1823. Greenhouse. SYN. Neottia australis. 



S. autumnalis (autumnal), fl. white, fragrant, sheathed by 

 the cucullate, cuspidate bracts ; lip channelled at the base, the 

 tip exserted, crenate; spike slender. August and September. 

 I. lin. long, in lateral rosettes, ovate, acute, appearing after the 

 flowers. Stem 4in. to Sin. high ; upper part and inflorescence 

 pubescent. Europe (Britain), &c. Hardy. (Sy. En. B. 1472.) 



S. bicolor (two-coloured). /. greenish, with a white lip ; sepals 

 gibbous below the lip ; lip complicated, keeled on the back, 

 cucullate at the dilated base ; spike loose, spiral, 2in. to 4in. 

 long, densely glandular-pubescent. January, t., lowest rosulate, 

 oblong - lanceolate, acuminate, disappearing before flowering. 

 Stem distantly sheathed with minute leaves. A. 1ft. Trinidad, 

 1823. (B. R. 794, under name of Neottia bicolor.) 



S. bracteosa (bracteate). fl. white and yellow ; lateral sepals 

 connate at base ; middle lobe of lip three-lobed ; bracts linear- 

 lanceolate, leafy, longer than the flowers ; spike rarely straight. 

 May. 1. rosulate, oblong, acute. A. 1ft. Brazil, 1835. (B. R. 

 1934.) 



S. cernua (drooping), fl. pure white, sweet-scented, pubescent or 

 nearly smooth; lip oblong and very obtuse when outspread 

 (when not so, conduplicate, or the margins much incurved), the 

 callosities at the base prominent; spike cylindrical, rather 

 dense, 2in. to 5in. long. September and October. I. linear- 

 lanceolate, the lowest elongated, 4in. to 12in. long. Stem leafy 

 below, 6in. to 20in. high. North America, 1796. Hardy. 

 (B. M. 5277; B. R. 823.) SYN. Neottia cernua (B. M. 1568; 

 S. B. F. G. 42). 



S. Cinnabarina (cinnabar-coloured).* fl. yellowish-flesh-coloured, 

 urceolate, slightly tomentose ; segments yellowish within, ap- 

 proximating, reflexed at apex ; lip whole-coloured ; bracts 

 coloured, acute ; spike conical, thyrsoid, spirally twisted. 

 June. I. lanceolate, sheathing, acute. Stem cylindrical, pale 

 reddish, 2ft. to 3ft. high. Mexico, 1846. SYN. Stenorhynchus 

 cinnabarinus (B. R. 1847, 65). Greenhouse. 



S. oolorans (coloured).* /. scarlet, glabrous, in. long, approxi- 

 mate ; lip oblong-linear, shortly acuminate ; bracts oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the flowers ; spike 2in. to 3in. 

 long. April. I. elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, 4in. to 6in. 

 long. A. 2ft. West Indies and Mexico to Venezuela, 1790. 

 SYNS. Neottia speciosa (A. B. R. i. 3 ; B. M. 1374 ; H. E. F. 3, 4 ; 

 L. B. C. 838), Stenorhynchus speciosus. Greenhouse. 



S. c. maculate (spotted). I. variegated with bright green spots 

 ou a darker ground. 1883. 



S. c. Ortgiesii (Ortgies'). fl. rose-coloured. I. marked with large 

 white blotches. 1873. 



