482 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



SPRUE. A market name for the smallest sprouts 

 of Asparagus. 



SPUMESCENT, SPUMOSE. Froth-like in ap- 

 pearance. 



SPUR. A hollow, terete extension of some part of 

 a flower, usually nectariferous; e.g., the calyx of Lark- 

 spur and the corolla of Violet. The term is rarely 

 applied also to a solid, spur-like process. 



SPURGE. See Euphorbia. 



SPURGE FLAX. An old name for Daphne Meze- 

 reum, and other species. 



SPURGE LAUREL. See Daphne Lanreola. 



SPURGE NETTLE. A common name for Jatropha 

 urens. 



SPURGE OLIVE. A popular name for Cneorum 

 tricoccum and Daphne Mezereum. 



SPURGEWORTS. Lindley's name for the Euphor- 

 biacece. 



SPURS, SLIPPER. See PedilanthuB. 



SPTRIDIUM (from spyris, a basket, and eidos, 

 resemblance ; in allusion to the shape of the calyx). 

 ORD. RhamnetB. A genus comprising twenty-five species 

 of greenhouse, Australian shrubs. Flowers sessile in 

 heads or rarely solitary, surrounded by small, brown 

 bracts ; calyx five-lobed ; petals five, hood-shaped, usually 

 inclosing the anthers ; stamens five ; heads small, sessile, 

 usually several together in a compound head or in 

 corymbose cymes. Leaves usually small. Only one 

 species has been introduced to gardens. It thrives in 

 a compost of peat and sandy loam. Propagation may be 

 effected by cuttings of the half-ripened shoots, cut to a 

 joint, dried at the base, and inserted in sand, under a 

 glass. 

 S. globulosum (globulose). fl.-Jieads nearly globular, numerous, 



in dense, corymbose cymes in the axils of the leaves, and not 



much exceeding them. I. ovate, obovate, or oblong, very obtuse, 



lin. to liin., or rarely 2in., long, glabrous above, white or hoary 



beneath, or rarely slightly rusty. 1874. A tall shrub. (R. G.. 



795.) 



SQUAMA. A scale, usually the homologue of a 

 leaf 



SQUAMATAXUS. A synonym of Saxegothea. 



SQUAMATE. SQUAMIFEROUS, SQUAMOSE. 



Scaly; covered with small, scale-like leaves. 



SQUAMELLA, SQUAMULA. A diminutive or 

 secondary scale. 



SQUAMIFORM. Scale-like. 



SQUAMULOSE. Beset or covered with minute 

 scales. 



SQUARROSE. When bodies are rough with 

 spreading and projecting processes. Imbricated scales, 

 bracts, or leaves are said to be Squarrose when their 

 tips are pointed and very spreading or recurved. 



SQUARRULOSE. Minutely squarrose. 



SQUASH. A name applied to several species of 

 Cucurbita. 



SQUILL. See Scilla. 



SQUILL A. Included under Urginea (which see). 



SQUILL, ROMAN. A popular name for Bellevalia. 



SQUILL, STRIPED. A common name for Pusch- 



kinia scilloides. 



SQUINANT. An old name for Andropogon Schce- 

 nanthus. 



SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS. A popular name for 

 several species of Hordeum. 



SQUIRTING CUCUMBER. See Ecballium 

 Elaterium. 



STAAVIA (named after Martin Staaf, a corre- 

 spondent of Linnaeus). ORD. Bruniacece. A genus com- 

 prising about half-a-dozen species of greenhouse shrubs, 

 resembling Heaths or Epacrises, and confined to the 

 Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, collected into ter- 

 minal, disk-like heads, involucrated by numerous, mostly 

 shining, whitish bracts, which are either longer or 

 shorter than the leaves; petals free. Leaves small, 

 erecto-patent or recurved, linear or acicular. The 

 following is the best-known of the few species which 

 have been grown in this country. It thrives in sandy 

 peat, and may be propagated by cuttings of the young 

 wood, inserted in sand, under a glass. 

 S. glutinosa (glutinous), fl. white, agglutinated with resinous 

 juice ; heads usually solitary, the size of a cherry ; bracts of 

 involucre whitish, greenish at base, Jin. long, with a black 

 mucro. April. I. approximate, erect or spreading, from six to 

 eight lines long, linear, trigonal, obtuse, callous, and, as well 

 as the branches, quite smooth, h. 3ft. or more. 1793. (L. B. C. 

 852.) 



STACHTOFOGON. A synonym of Aletris. 



STACHYS (the ancient Greek name used by 

 Dioscorides for this genus or for some similar plants, 

 and derived from stachys, a spike ; alluding to the 

 spicate inflorescence). Hedge Nettle ; Wo and wort. STNS. 

 Betonica, Eriostomum, Galeopsis (of Moench), Tetrahitum, 

 Trixago, Zietenia. ORD. Labiates. A large genus (nearly 

 200 species have been described, but probably not more 

 than 160 are really distinct) of greenhouse or hardy, tall 

 perennial or diffuse annual herbs, rarely sub-shrubs or 

 small shrubs, broadly dispersed, but chiefly inhabiting 

 North temperate and Oriental regions. Flowers purplish, 

 scarlet, pale, yellow, or white, rather small or sometimes 

 showy, sessile or very shortly pedicellate ; calyx tubular- 

 campanulate, five-toothed; corolla cylindric, with usually 

 a ring of hairs inside, often incurved above, not, or 

 scarcely, dilated at throat; upper lip of limb erect or 

 spreading; lower one longer, spreading, three-lobed, the 

 mid-lobe largest; stamens four; whorls two to many- 

 flowered, axillary or clustered in terminal spikes. Nut- 

 lets ovoid or oblong. Leaves entire or toothed; floral 

 ones conformed or reduced to bracts. 8. arvensis (Field 

 Betony), S. Betonica, S. germanica, 8. palustris (Clown's 

 All-heal), and S. sylvatica, are included in the British 

 Flora. The species, some of which have a rather weedy 

 appearance, will thrive in any ordinary garden soil; 

 they may be increased by seeds, or by divisions. A 

 selection of those best known in gardens is given below ; 

 except where otherwise indicated, they are hardy, herb- 

 aceous perennials. 



S. albicaulls (white-stemmed), fl., calyx loosely ten-nerved ; 

 corolla violet, glabrous, twice as long as the calyx ; whorls 

 six-flowered, remote ; racemes elongated, slightly branched. 

 Summer. 1. remote, lin. to Sin. long, the lower ones petiolate, 

 the upper ones sessile, all lanceolate, deeply toothed, rounded- 

 cuneate or narrowed at base. Stem branched, 2ft. to 3ft. high, 

 white-woolly at base. Chilian Andes. (B. B. 1558.) 

 S. alpina (alpine). /., calyx teeth acute, spiny ; corolla purplish 

 or Fuscous-red, woolly outside, scarcely twice as long as the 

 calyx ; whorls remote, many-flowered. Summer. I. ;petiolate, 

 ovate, obtuse or slightly acute, crenate-serrate, cordate at base, 

 villous, scarcely wrinkled, h. several feet. South Europe. A 

 very variable plant. 



S. a. intermedia (intermediate). 1. more wrinkled, and some- 

 times slightly woolly beneath. A large form. (S. B. F. G. 100, 

 under name of S. sibirica.) 



S. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), fl. shortly pedicellate ; corolla 

 purplish, glabrous or slightly pubescent, the tube shortly exserted ; 

 whorls remote, two-flowerett ; racemes over 1ft. long, nearly 

 simple. July. I. linear, entire, serrated, or the lower ones pin- 

 natifld, all acute at apex. Branches twiggy, diffuse, several 

 feet long. h. 9in. Tauria, 1823. Hardy sub-shrub. (S. B. F. G. 

 180.) 



S. arenaria (sand-loving), fl., calyx four lines long ; corolla 

 purplish, pilose outside, twice as long as the calyx ; whorls 

 loosely six to ten-flowered, remote ; racemes loose, ascending, 

 nearly 1ft. long. July. I. sub-sessile, oblong-linear or lanceo- 

 late, lin. to IJin. long, acute, slightly serrated, long-narrowed 



