AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



483 



Stachys continued. 



towards the base, entire. Levant, 1804. Plant decumbent 

 (B. M. 1959.) 



S. aspera (rough). JL. sessile or nearly so ; corolla purple or rose- 

 red, glabrous throughout ; spikes usually much interrupted. 

 Summer. 1. oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, liin. to 4Jin. long, 

 acute or acuminate, rather obtusely serrated, nearly all distinctly 

 petiolate, and truncate or merely sub-cordate at base. A. 2ft to 

 4ft. North America and Japan. Plant sparsely hirsute or his- 

 pidulous-pubescent (L. B. C. 1412.) 



S. Betonica (Betony). Bishop's- wort ; Wood Betony. /..calyx 

 lobes spinescent; corolla red-purple, hairy, Jin. long, the tube 

 exserted ; whorls in an oblong, long-peduncled spike, lin. to Sin. 

 long. June to August. 1. petiolate, oblong-cordate, obtuse, lin. 

 to 4in. long, deeply crenate ; cauline ones few, much narrower 

 than the radical ones. Stem 6in. to 2ft. long, ascending or erect 

 Europe (Britain). This plant was formerly much used in medi- 

 cine. (Sy. En. B. 1067.) SYN. Betonica officinal**. 



S. cocclnea (scarlet).* Jl generally distinctly pedicellate ; corolla 

 scarlet-red, with a narrow, cylindrical tube twice or thrice as long 

 as the calyx ; spike interrupted. Summer. J. ovate-lanceolate 

 with a cordate base, or oblong-deltoid, obtuse, crenate, lin. to 

 2in. long ; cauline ones slender-petiolate ; floral ones sessile. 

 A. 1ft to 2ft. Texas to Arizona and Mexico, 1798. Greenhouse 

 herbaceous perennial. (A. B. R. 310; B. M. 666; P. M. B. 

 viii. 101.) 



S. densiflora (dense-flowered). Jl. , calyx teeth spiny ; corolla 

 flesh-coloured, twice as long as the calyx, villous outside, the 

 tube incurved ; spike dense, thick, liin. to 2in. long. June. 

 L petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 2in. to Sin. long, crenate, 

 wrinkled, cordate at base ; lower floral ones constantly ovate 

 and scarcely sessile. Stem erect, lift high nearly simple. 

 South Europe, 1759. Plant hairy. (B. M. 2125, under name of 

 Betonica ineana.) SYN. Betonica hirsuta. 



S. germanica (German).* JL, calyx teeth longer than the tube ; 

 corolla pale pink, variegated with white, iin. long ; whorls four 

 to six-flowered. April to November. I. coarsely crenate-serrate, 

 often cordate; radical ones 2in. to 5in. long, rather long-petio- 

 late ; cauline ones shortly petiolate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate. 

 Stem 1ft to 3ft high, very stout, branched. Europe (Britain). 

 A shaggy perennial. (B. R, 1289; F. D. 684; J. F. A. 319; 

 Sy. En. B. 1068.) 



S. grandidentata (large-toothed). Jl., calyx teeth somewhat 

 spiny ; corolla violet, glabrous, twice as long as the calyx ; whorls 

 six-flowered, remote. Summer. I. petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 

 deeply toothed, all rounded-cuneate or narrowed at base ; floral 

 ones shorter than the calyx. Stem erect, 1ft to 3ft high. Chili. 

 (B. R. 1080.) 



S. grandiflora (large-flowered).* Jl., calyx six to seven lines long, 

 purplish at apex, villous ; corolla of a beautiful violet, twelve 

 to fourteen lines long, glabrous ; whorls many-flowered, distinct, 

 the lower ones remote. May. I. petiolate, broadly ovate, ob- 

 tuse, crenate, broadly cordate at base, wrinkled, villous ; floral 

 ones sessile. Stem 1ft high. Siberia, 1800. (B. M. 700, under 

 name of Betonica grandiflora.) 



S. inflata (inflated). JL sessile ; calyx Jin. long, white-tomentose ; 

 corolla red, slightly silky outside, half as long again as the 

 calyx ; whorls distant, about six-flowered. July. L sub-sessile, 

 oblong, obtuse, entire, scarcely lin. long, white-tomentose or 

 woolly on both sides. Branches elongated, clothed with slightly 

 floccose tomentum. A. lift Persia, 1852. Hardy sub-shrub. 

 (B. R. 1697.) 



S. lanata (woolly).* JL striped ; whorls many-flowered, the upper 

 ones approximating in a spike. July. I. very thick and soft, 

 oblong- elliptic, narrowed at both ends, scarcely crenulate, 

 wrinkled. Stem 1ft to IJft. high, clothed (as well as the leaves 

 and calyces) with dense wooL Tauria, 1782. 



S. Maweana (Mawe's).* fl., calyx Jin. long, woolly ; corolla pale 

 straw-colour, with purple blotches on the lower hp, 4m long and 



-, 



broad ; whorls collected into a narrow-oblong, leafy spike. July 

 t lin. 

 grey - 

 leaves longer than the blades. Branches 1ft. or more high. 



afy spike. July. 



I. spreading, about lin. long, ovate-cordate, sub-acute, deeply 

 crenate. toothed, grey -green above; petioles of the cauline 



. 



Morocco, 1878. Whole plant clothed with silvery-white hairs. 

 (B. M. 6389.) 



S. Salviw (Salvia-like). A synonym of Sphacele Lindleyi. 

 S. Siblrica (Siberian). A synonym of S. albicaulit intermedia. 



STACHYS. This term, used in Greek compounds, 

 denotes a spike: e.g., Phyllostachys, Stachytarpheta, 

 Stachyurus. 



STACHYTARPHA. A synonym of Stachytar- 

 pheta (which see). 



STACHYTARPHETA (from stachys, a spike, and 

 tarphys, thick; alluding to the form of the inflorescence). 

 Bastard Vervain. SYNS. Abena, Cymburus, Stachytarpha. 

 OBD. Verbenacece. A genus consisting of about forty 

 species of pilose, villous, or glabrous, stove herbs, sub- 

 shrubs, or shrubs, natives of tropical and sub-tropical 

 America, one being alao broadly dispersed over tropical 



Stachytarpheta continued. 



Asia and Africa. Flowers white, blue, purple, or scarlet, 

 solitary in the axils of the bracts, sessile or half-immersed 

 in the rachis of the spike ; calyx five-toothed ; corolla 

 tube straight or incurred, the limb of five broad, 

 spreading, obtuse or retuse lobes, equal or variously un- 

 equal; perfect stamens two; bracts sometimes small or 

 narrow, appressed or loose, sometimes ovate or lanceo- 

 late, imbricated; spikes terminal. Leaves opposite or 

 alternate, toothed, often wrinkled. All the species thrive 

 in a soil composed of sandy loam and leaf mould. The 

 shrubs may be propagated by cuttings, inserted in sand, 

 under a hand glass, in bottom heat; the perennials may 

 be multiplied by divisions, and the a-nnnidq by seeds. 

 The best species, from a garden standpoint, are de- 

 scribed below. 8. mutdbili* is a handsome, perpetual- 

 flowering sub-shrub, the leaves of which have ben 

 imported from South America for the purpose of adul- 

 terating tea. 



S. aristata (awned). fl. rich deep blackish-purple, in a very long, 

 terminal spike, clothed with numerous leafy bracte, tapering 

 suddenly into a long subulation ; corolla tube curved. October. 

 1. opposite, ovate or rhomboid-ovate, acute, coarsely serrated, 

 entire at base, tapering towards the base into short footstalks, 

 wrinkled. A. 2ft South America, 1845. Sub-shrub. (B. M. 4211 ; 

 F.d.S. 55.) 



S. bicolor (two-coloured), fl. at first purple, gradually becoming 

 pale greenish-blue, the throat of the long, funnel-shaped corolla 

 remaining white ; spike terminal, slender, exceeding the leaves ; 

 bracts subulate, erect June. <. varying from ovate to ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute, serrated from a little above the base. A. 3/t 

 Brazil, 1865. Shrub. (B. M. 5538.) 



S. cayennensis (Cayenne), fl. blue, sunk in furrows of the 

 rachis ; bracts linear, acuminate, bristly above ; spikes slender. 

 May. I. ovate, blunt or bluntish, contracted into the petioles. 

 A. 3ft. Cayenne, 1822. Shrub. 



S. cra&sifolia (thick-leaved), fl. azure-blue ; bracts hard, ovate ; 

 spikes long, slender, terete, straight, glabrous. June. I. 2in. to 

 3in. long, elliptic or oblong-obovate, entire at base, coarctate, 

 sessile, obtuse, crenate-serrate, the margins revolute, pubescent- 

 tomentose beneath. A. 2ft Brazil, 1826. Shrub. 

 S. dlchotoma (dichotomously-branched). fl. blue ; bracts very 

 narrow ; spikes slender, 6in. to 18in. long. June. L 2in. to 4in. 

 long, ovate or ovate-oblong, coarctate at base, cuneate-decurrent, 

 acute or acuminate, deeply crenate-serrate. Branchlets tetra- 

 gonal. A. 2ft. South America. A dichotoraously-branched sub- 

 shrub. (B. M. 1848, under name of 5. urtictfolia.) 

 S. jamaicensis (Jamaica). Brazilian Tea-tree, fl. blue, sunk 

 in deep excavations of the thickened rachis ; bracts appressed ; 

 spikes about as thick as a goose-quill, 6in. to lOin. long. July. 

 I oval or oblong, coarsely serrated, tapering into the petioles. 

 A. 2ft. West Indies, 1714. Annual, but suffrutescent at base. 

 (B. M. 1860.) 



S. mntabilis (changeable).* Jl. crimson, at length rosy, large, 

 sunk in furrows of the rachis ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, spread- 

 ing above the middle; spikes elongated, erect All the year. 

 I. ovate, contracted into the petioles, scabrous above, pubescent 

 beneath. A. 3ft South America, 1801. Sub-shrub. (A. B. R. 

 435; B. M. 976; E. G. 90.) SYN. Verbena mutabiU*. 

 S. urttcifolia (Nettle-leaved). A synonym of 5. dichotoma. 



STACHYURUS (from stachys, a spike, and oura, a 

 tail ; in allusion to the shape of the catkins). OBD. 

 Ternttromiacece. A genus consisting of only two species 

 of half-hardy, glabrous shrubs or small trees, one being 

 Japanese, the other Himalayan. Flowers small, disposed in 

 short, lateral or axillary racemes or spikes; sepals four, 

 closely imbricated ; petals four, free, imbricated ; stamens 

 eight, free. Leaves serrated, membranous. 8. protect 

 is a shrub or small tree, producing its flowers in great 

 profusion before the leaves are unfolded. It thrives in 

 any common garden soil, but except in the south-western 

 counties, requires the shelter of a wall. The plant may 

 be readily propagated by means of cuttings of the half- 

 ripened wood, inserted in sandy soil, under a bell glass, 

 in a greenhouse, and kept shaded until roots are formed. 

 S. prsecox (precocious).* /. yellowish-green, iin. in diameter, 

 sub-globosely campanulate, sessile or very shortly pedicellate ; 

 petals much larger than the sepals; spikes axillary, 2in. to Sin. 

 long curved, shortly pedunculate, many-flowered. March. I 4m. 

 tooin. long, obovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulated, 

 often oblique, thin, bright green. Branches slender, flexible. 

 A. 10ft Japan, 1864. Sea %! 518, p. 484. (B. M. 6631 ; B. H. 

 1869, 200 ;STz.F. J. 18.) 



