AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



503 



Stigma continued, 



in having its surface covered with long cells, attached 

 loosely by one end to the cells below, with the other 

 end free. These cells secrete a sticky fluid, which 

 retains the pollen grains when they touch it, and also 

 stimulates them to emit tubes (see Pollen). The tubes 

 can readily pass in between the loosely-arranged cells 

 of the Stigma, and then down the loose " conducting 

 tissue " of the style and ovary. The Stigma has no 

 epidermis upon it, in which it differs from all other parts 

 of flowering plants. It is usually situated on the tip 

 or along one side of the style ; or the hitter may be 

 absent, in which case the Stigma is situated on the 

 tip of the ovary. It may be displaced from this position 

 by inequality of growth in the two sides of the ovary. 

 Each carpel has a Stigma ; but where two or more carpels 

 are closely united, the Stigmata may also be so united 

 as to appear like one. In those flowers that are pollinated 

 by wind (e.g., Grasses), the Stigma is frequently covered 

 with long, spreading hairs ; while in those pollinated 

 by insects, and in cleistogamons flowers, the Stigma is 

 usually small, and confined to the tip of the style, or 

 to a narrow line on one side of it. 



STIGMAFHYLLON (from stigma, and phyUon, a 

 leaf; alluding to the stigmas being expanded into a 

 sort of leaf). ORD. Malpighiatece. A genus comprising 

 about fifty species of handsome, stove, climbing shrubs, 

 natives of, tropical America. Flowers yellow ; calyx 

 five-parted, eight-glanded ; petals nngniculate, unequal, 

 glabrous ; stamens ten, unequal, six being perfect ; corymbs 

 umbellifonn, on axillary and terminal branchlets or pe- 

 duncles; pedicels minutely bracteate at base, articulated 

 and bibracteolate below the middle. Leaves generally 

 opposite, of two forms, entire or denticulate, rarely 

 lobed; petioles biglandular; stipules minute. The species 

 best known to cultivation are described below. They 

 will grow in a mixture of loam, leaf soil, and peat, with 

 the addition of some sharp sand. Cuttings, made from 

 ripened wood, will root freely if inserted in sandy soil, 

 under a hand glass, in heat, taking about three or four 

 weeks to do so. 



S. aristatnm (awned). JL, petals fenbriated ; umbels peduncu- 

 late, few-flowered. June to- August. L, cauline ones glabrous, 

 sagittate-hastate, angled, acute Tthose on the younger brancblets 

 often oblong, entire; petiole* biglandnlar at apex. A. 15ft. 

 Brazil. 1832^(R B. 1650) 



Golden Vine. *. large, three to six in an 

 fringed, with long claws. October. L opposite, 

 cordate, oblique at the base, smooth, ciliated, glaucous. Brazil 

 1796. A tall climber. (P. M. B. xv. 77.) 



S. diversifolinm (variable-leaved). JL, pedicels articulated at 

 the base. June. L shining above, pubescent or tomentose 

 beneath, ovate or oblong-linear, rounded or almost cordate at 

 base; petiolar glands close to the leaf. West Indies. 1826. 

 Lofty cumber. 



S. fnlgens (brilliant). JL borne on divided peduncles. Summer. 

 L glabrous above, silvery beneath with silky down, cordate- 

 rounded, mucronulate, repand, entire ; ha~silar sinus open ; pe- 

 tioles biglandular a little below the top. West Indies, &c., 1759. 

 Tall climber. 



(variable-leaved). JL several to an umbel, 

 xillary peduncles; sepals erect; petals orbicular. 

 T.' L opposite, mostly ovate, waved, entire, very obtuse, 

 sometimes broader, almost cordate, deeply three- 

 lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, mucronate, the side ones spreading. 

 Buenos Ayres, 18*2. Tall climber. (B. M. 4014.) 



7.) 



x at apex. *. 6ft Uruguay, 184L 



S. littorale (shore-loving).* /t. on pedicels Jin. to IJin. long; 

 corolla lin. in diameter; claw of the petals longer than tfie 

 sepals; peduncles axillary, solitary, many-flowered; corymbs 

 termmaCsiinple or compound. Autumn. 1. opposite and alter- 

 nateTloiv-pefiolate, an. to 5in. long, varying in shape. South 

 Braril, I&TA tall, leafy climber. (R M7662i) 



STIGMAROTA, A synonym of Placourti (which 



see). 



STIOMATIC, STIGMATOSE. Relating to the 

 stigma. 



STIGMATIFEROUS. Stigma-bearing. 

 STIGMATOID. Stigma-like. 

 STILAGINEJE. Included under 



Sff& 



STILBEJE. A tribe of Verbenace*. 



STILLINGFLEETIA. A synonym of Sapium 

 (which, see). 



STILLINGIA (named in honour of Dr. Benjamin 

 Stillingfleet, 1702-1771, an eminent English botanist). 

 ORD. Euphorbiaceae. Thirteen species have been referred 

 to this genus ; they are stove or greenhouse, glabrous 

 shrubs, inhabiting North and South America, the Mascarene 

 and Pacific Islands. Flowers monoecious, apetalons; 

 males often three under a bract, sub-sessile ; females 

 solitary under the lower bracts, sessile or very shortly 

 pedicellate, few in a spike, or the spike sometimes all 

 males ; spikes terminal, simple ; bracts short and broad, 

 biglandnlar. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, shortly 

 petiolate, entire or glandular-denticulate. 8. sebifera, 

 the Tallow-tree of China, the proper name of which is 

 Eifaecaria sebifera, is the only species calling for mention 

 here; it yields a hard wood, used by the Chinese for 

 wood engravings; tallow is extensively obtained from 

 the seeds, and the leaves are employed for dyeing 

 black. 



STINGING BUSH. A common name for Jatropha 

 \ wrens. 



STINKING GLADWYN 

 Iris foetidissima. 



A common 



for 



(from stipe, a silky or feathery substance ; 

 alluding to the inflorescence t. Including Latiayrostis and 

 Macrochloa. ORD. Gramineae. A large genus (nearly 

 100 species) of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, tall or rarely 

 dwarf, perennial grasses, widely distributed over tropical 

 and temperate regions. Spikelets one-flowered, narrow, 

 paniculate, the rachis of the spikelet articulated above 

 the lower glumes ; glumes three, narrow, keeled, the two 

 outer ones usually persistent ; panicle terminal, often 

 slender, slightly branched. Leaves convolute-terete or 

 rarely flat. A selection from the few introduced hardy 

 species is given below. With the exception of S. elegan- 

 tissima, all are hardy. S. pennata, the well-known Feather 

 Grass of gardens, is a very ornamental plant. Stipas 

 thrive in any ordinary soil, and may be increased by 

 seeds or by divisions. 



S. ele 



FIG. 535. STOA PBMIATA. 



JL, panicle very loose 6in. to 



(very elegant). JL, panicle very loose, bin. to 



M^-rfSsSfl^fc'M'Ss 



L narrow, mostly *""2 nte wh h e - n *, ?^^2fc 

 horizontal rhizome, erect and branching, 2ft. to 5ft. nigh. 



Australia. Greenhouse. 

 S. gigantea (gigantic). JL, 

 theperianth ; perianth Jin. 



_ subulate, much longer than 

 naked above ; bristles slightly 



