AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



527 



Stationed vertically above gome 



SUPERPOSED. 



other part. 



SUPERVOLUTE. When one edge is rolled in- 

 wards, and is enveloped by the opposite edge also rolled 

 inwards : e.g., the leaves of an Apricot-tree. 



SUPINE. Lying flat, with face upwards. 

 SUPPRESSION. Complete abortion. 



SUPRA. A term which, nsed in Latin compounds, 

 signifies above; e.g., Supra-axillary, growing above an 

 axil; Snpra-foliaceons, growing above a leaf. 



SUPRA-DECOMPOUND. Many times compound: 

 e.g., the leaves of Carrot, Fennel, Ac. 



SURCULOSE. Producing snckers. 



SURCULUS. A sucker ; a shoot rising from under- 

 ground. 



SURFACE CATERPILLARS, or SURFACE 

 GRUBS. The larvae of several species of Moths, 

 chiefly Triphoena pronuba, Agrotis segetum. and A. ex- 

 clamationis. The name is given to these larvae 

 because of their habit of living just below the surface 

 of the soil during the day, coming ont to feed at night 

 on low plants and herbs. They are much in the habit 

 of gnawing throngh the stems of herbaceous plants below 

 the soil, just where the stems join the roots, and thus 

 cause the plants to wither without any evident reason. 

 In winter, they also frequently eat their way into fleshy 

 tubers (potatoes) and tuberous roots (turnips, Ac.), Asters, 

 many weeds, Ac., and do considerable damage. In 

 spring, the larvae become pupae in earthen cocoons; and 

 in summer, the moths emerge. Plants suffer most from 

 the larvae in ungenial summers, when growth is slow ; 

 and the damage then done permanently injures them. 

 Rains occasionally enable plants to recover, even when 

 they have suffered severely. Further information about 

 these larvae will be found under Noctna ; and the best 

 remedies are mentioned under that heading. 



SUSARIUM. A synonym of Symphyostemon 

 (which see). 



SU'JPM^^-T.ATtfTfrTA (named in honour of James 

 Sutherland, Superintendent of the Boyal Botanic Garden 

 at Edinburgh; he published, in 1683, "Hortus Medicus 

 Edinburgensis "). OBD. Leguminosce. A monotypic 

 genus. The species is a canescent, half-hardy shrub, 

 very handsome when in flower. It succeeds best in a 

 compost of loam and peat ; and may be readily increased 

 by seeds, or by young cuttings. 



S. frntescens (shrubby).* Bladder Senna of the Cape, JL scarlet 

 or bright red, handsome, in axillary racemes ; calyx five-toothed ; 

 standard oblong, shorter than the boat-shaped keel ; wings very 

 short. June. Jr. a curious, papery, inflated, many-seeded pod. 

 L impari-pinnate ; leaflets numerous, elliptic or oblong, entire, 

 exstipellate ; stipules small, narrow, h. about 3ft South Africa, 

 1683. (B. M. 181, under name of Colutea fntteteent.) 



S. . mlcrophylla (small-leaved). JL two or three to a peduncle. 

 L, leaflets oblong-linear, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. 

 1816. 



SUTRINA (said to be the native name in Pern). 

 OBD. Orchidece. A monotypic genus. The species a 

 dwarf, stove, epiphytal orchid, with scattered-racemose, 

 medium-sized flowers, an erect, simple scape, coriaceous 

 leaves, and a very short, one or two-sheathed stem is 

 a native of Peru, and is unknown to cultivation. 



SUTTONIA (named in honour of the Bev. Dr. 



Sutton, 1756-1846, an English botanist). OBD. Myrrinece. 

 A small genus of greenhouse, evergreen shrubs or small 

 trees, natives of New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands. 

 SuKonto is now included, by Bentham and Hooker, 

 under Myrrine; it only differs in having its petals free 

 as far as the base, and its stigma sub-sessile. The only 



Suttonia continued. 



species calling for mention here is S. australis. For 

 culture, tee Ardisia. 



S. anstralis (Southern). JL minutejn capitate, lateral fascicles. 

 L lin. to l$in. long, oblong or obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, undu- 

 lated, much-veined, studded with rounded, pellucid glands. 



A. 8ft to 10ft. New Zealand. A perfectly glabrous shrub, with 

 its bark nearly black. Its proper name, according to Hooker, is 

 Myrsine UrmUei. 



SUTURE. The line of junction of two different 

 parts. Sntural dehiscence is the act of splitting along 

 the line of junction of two valves. 



SWAINSONA (named in honour of Isaac Swainson, 

 F.R.S., a celebrated cultivator of plants, about the end 

 of the last century, at Twickenham). Including Cyclo- 

 gyne. OBD. Legnminosce. A genus comprising about 

 twenty-three species of very elegant, greenhouse herbs 

 or sub-shrubs; one is a native of New Zealand, and the 

 rest are Australian. Flowers bluish- violet, purple, red, 

 rarely white or yellow, disposed in axillary, often pedun- 

 culate racemes; calyx teeth sub-equal, or the two upper 

 ones shorter ; standard orbicular or renifonn, spreading 

 or reflexed; wings oblong, falcate or slightly twisted, 

 often shorter than the broad, incurved keel; bracts 

 membranous, usually narrow or small. Pods ovoid or 

 oblong, turgid or inflated. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 

 numerous, entire, exstipellate; stipules usually herba- 

 ceous, rarely bristly. The species best known to culti- 

 vators are described below. They are all Australian, 

 and well deserve a place in every greenhouse, thriving 

 in a mixture of sandy loam and peat. Propagation may 

 be readily effected by young cuttings, inserted in sand, 

 under a glass ; or by seeds. 



S. atrococcinea (dark scarlet). Probably a garden name for a 

 form of S. gaUgi/olia. 



S. caneseens (hoary). A. blue or violet-purple, variegated with 

 pink, aqd with a green blotch at the base of the standard, nearly 

 sessile; calyx silky-hairy; keel much curved; racemes many- 

 flowered, on long, silky-villous peduncles. May. I., leaflets nine 

 to fifteen, obovate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse or retnse, $in. to lin. 

 long, nearly glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath. Stock 

 woody, with erect, but herbaceous, stems, 1ft to 2ft high. 

 (P. M. B. vii. 199, under name of Cyclogyne eanetcent.) 



S. coronillajfolia (Coronilla-leaved). A form of S. yaUffi/oUa. 



S. galegifolla (Galega-leaved).* JL deep red, rather large; 

 standard having prominent callosities above the claw; racemes 

 pedunculate, exceeding the leaves, and sometimes twice as long. 

 July, t, leaflets eleven to twenty-one, or rarelymore, oblong, 

 obtuse or emargiuate, mostly 4in. to in. long. 1800. A glabrous 

 perennial or sub-shrub, with erect, flexuons branches, lit high, 

 or sometimes climbing to several feet (L. J. F. 304, under name 

 of 5. Osbornii ; A. B. R> 319, under name of Vina galegifolia ; 



B. M. 792, under name of Colutea gaUfrifolia.) S. albijlora (B. R. 

 994 ; L. B. C. 1642) is a form with white flowers, and S. coroniOee- 

 folia (B. M. 1725) has light purplish-pink flowers. The plants in 

 gardens under names of S. atrococcinea, S. magnifica, and & pur- 

 purea are probably forms of this species. 



S. Greyana (Grey's).* Darling River or Poison Pea. fL pink, 

 large, in long, erect, pedunculate racemes ; calyx densely cottony- 

 white, longer than the pedicels; standard Jin. in diameter. 

 July. I., leaflets eleven to twenty-one, oblong, obtuse or retnse, 

 Jin. to lin., or sometimes 14in., long. Stems erect or ascending, 

 2ft to 3ft. high. 1844. Perennial herb or sub-shrub. (B. M. 

 4416; B. R. 1846, 66.) 



S. lessertiilblla (Lessertia-leavedX JL violet-purple, mther 

 small, in short racemes, sometimes reduced to umbels or heads, 



on peduncles longer than the leaves; standard without callo- 

 sities. July. L, leaflets nine to fifteen, or rarely more, oblong, 

 obtuse, mucronate, or almost acute, Jin. to lin. long. Stems 



diffuse or ascending, 1ft. to lift high. 1824. Perennial herb. 

 (magnificent), of gardens. Probably a form of 



magnifies 



?. galeffifoKa. 



S. occidentalis (Western). JL purple, numerous, in long, pedun- 

 culate racemes ; calyx sparsely hairy ; standard iin. broad, but 

 not so long. Summer. L, leaflets eleven to seventeen, or occa- 

 sionally more, oblong, obtuse, or acute, Jin. to nearly lin. long. 

 Stems usually erect, and bent in zigzag form at the nodes. 

 k. 2ft to 3ft A glabrous or pubescent perennial. (B. M. 5490.) 



S. procnmbena (procumbent). JL violet or blue, large and 

 fragrant, disposed in a loose raceme, on a peduncle often attain* 

 ing 1ft. ; standard about lin. long, deeply emarginate, without 

 callosities ; keel much incurved. Summer. L, leaflets eleven to 



