54 ILLUSTRATED HORSE-BREAKING. 



extract from ' White's Veterinary Art/ which was 

 written many years ago : " There is a great danger, 

 however, of attempting to make the mouth at the 

 time of riding, by means of a running rein ; for if he 

 is a stubborn or runaway horse, there is great danger 

 of throwing him down, and in the most dangerous 

 manner that can be. For, if he is determined to 

 run away, and the rider endeavours to prevent him 

 by a running rein, in drawing the nose down to his 

 chest, the muscles of the shoulder are so restrained 

 that he must of necessity pull him down topsy- 

 turvy. Since the body being propelled by the 

 muscles of the hind parts, the restraint thus 

 imposed upon the extensor muscles of the fore-leg, 

 prevents their being thrown out to the extent 

 required, and he comes down with the most danger- 

 ous violence. I have known this accident happen 

 with horses that have had upright shoulders and 

 very well-formed hind parts ; and I have also known 

 very safe horses, that have contracted a habit of 

 going with their noses poked out, become very 



