TURNING. 59 



necessity of proof here we should teach our pupil, 

 from the outset, to avail himself of such assistance. 

 As the rider's weight tends to advance the position 

 of the centre of gravity, the natural turn, especially 

 at fast-paces, will be a compromise between the turn 

 "on the centre," and that " on the haunches." I 

 may remark, that the further the weight is thrown 

 back, and the greater is the support of the outward 

 leg, the more will the turn be made on the 

 haunches. The use of this leg-pressure, although 

 necessitated by the unequal distribution of the rider's 

 weight, is, besides this, valuable in all sharp turns 

 made at speed. The turn " on the forehand" can 

 be taught by the rider, after the simpler one is 

 mastered. In treating about turning, I draw no 

 distinction between the saddle and harness horse ; 

 for the latter should be made as " clever" as the 

 former, in " collecting" himself and " coming 

 round." 



Let us suppose that a horse is ridden at a fence, 

 A B (see Fig. i), and that he "runs out" to the 



