60 ILLUSTRATED HORSE-BREAKING. 



left ; although the rider has pulled the animal's head 

 round to the right, in his endeavour to keep him 

 straight. In this case, the horse yielded to the rein 

 with his neck, but refused to swing round his hind- 

 quarters a movement, on his part, which would 

 have brought him at right angles to the fence (see 

 Fig. 2) ; so that he would have had either to jump 

 or to stop, neither of which actions would affect in 

 any way the precision with which the turn had 

 been made. Again, if a horse jibs in harness, 

 and refuses to turn, say, to the right, we shall, in 

 the vast majority of cases, have no difficulty in 

 making him turn his head round in the required 

 direction, although he will obstinately keep his 

 hind-quarters fixed. The same may be said of a 

 horse that rears. If these animals would only turn 

 their hind-quarters round with the same facility that 

 they bend their necks, they would lose their 

 strongest " defence " against our "aids" (the reins 

 and legs of the rider). It is evident that in 

 every turn, the hind-quarters have to move round 



