TEACHING TO JUMP. 189 



against his quarter, as he turns from one side to 

 the other, and stimulating him with the voice 

 and sound of the whip. If he persists in refusing, 

 we should put on the crupper leading-rein (see 

 page 148), and after running him about, and pulling 

 him from side to side by it, a few times, in order 

 to make him understand its use, we should try 

 to lead him over in this manner. Or, having 

 given it to an assistant to go on in front, we 

 may give him another trial with the long reins. 

 In this, as in all other breaking operations with 

 the horse, we should exercise great patience, and 

 should renew our efforts again and again if we 

 do not at first succeed. If the animal " shews 

 fight," I would advise that the whip should be 

 put aside altogether ; for the 'moment, according 

 to my experience, its cut, or even crack, fails to 

 prompt him to go on, it will incite him to offer 

 increased resistance. Instead of its effect, we 

 should employ that of the long reins, in circling 

 him, turning him sharply and backing him, until he 



