218 ILLUSTRATED HORSE-BREAKING. 



that goes over the nose, three or four cowrie 

 shells [small marbles would have the same effect] 

 are sewn ; the nose-band being kept in position 

 by a standing martingale, which, of course, should 

 be of the proper length (see page 70). This 

 plan is on the same principle, as the method I 

 have described ; for, in both, the horse relinquishes 

 the trick, on finding out that its practice inflicts 

 pain, and that he can save himself from punish- 

 ment, by obeying the rein. 



Pulling. We should give the hard puller, at 

 least, a dozen lessons with the long reins on foot, 

 teaching him, somewhat sharply, that he must 

 obey the rein. It is, also, well to use the word 

 " whoa," or any other suitable one, as recom- 

 mended by Pratt, Magner, and others, whenever 

 we pull him up ; so that he may learn to stop on 

 hearing it. Making him lie down and keeping 

 him on the ground (see page 158) will be of great 

 service in reducing the runaway to obedience. 



