PREFACE vii 



a process exactly similar to that mentioned above. 

 Preceding No. 76 will be found a few briefly stated 

 characteristics of the Pine genus. A similar charac- 

 terization will be found preceding all other genera 

 which contain more than one species. Finally we 

 arrive at a point where no number is indicated after 

 the line chosen. The common name (or names, 

 where a tree is known by several names in the same 

 or in different localities) will here be found in full 

 faced type, except in case of some of the Thorns, 

 and the scientific name in italics. If more than one 

 common name is given the first is usually preferred, 

 the subsequent ones being either less distinctive, 

 less common, or merely local within our range. 



The names of states and authorities for scien- 

 tific names are abbreviated in the usual manner. 

 The word "cultivated" is abbreviated to "cult.", 

 and "figure" and "figures" to "Fig." and "Figs." 



Where conflicting opinions exist in regard to 

 specific limitations and names the yth edition of 

 "Gray's Manual" has been followed, particularly 

 in such groups as Thorns, Alders, Birches, etc. 



The cooperation of all who use this book, in re- 

 porting errors which they discover, is desired by 

 the authors. 



The authors herewith acknowledge their indebt- 

 edness to Prof. M. L. Fernald for many valued 

 criticisms and suggestions. 



