J. H. Hale peach trees bearing typical Elberta fruits, indicating that the J. H. Hale 

 variety originated as a bud mutation. The writer also observed branch muta- 

 tions in yellow-fleshed-f ruited Elberta trees bearing white-fleshed fruits but other- 

 wise like the Elberta fruits. 



In prunes, a large-fruited variety Coates No. 1418, an illustration of which 

 is shown in Plate 9, originating as a bud mutation of the French prune, was 

 described by the writer in 1919 (57). Coates propagates commercially no less 

 than three varieties of the French prune which have originated as bud muta- 

 tions (11). Darwin (15) records that a tree of yellow Magnum Bonum plum, 

 forty years old, produced a branch mutation which bore red Magnum Bonums. 



In grapes, Carriere (8) states that bud variation is comparatively common. 

 Amongst other examples he cites the origin of the white seedless Corinth as a 

 mutation from the parent seedy variety. Fletcher (24) records the King, a bud 

 variety of the Concord. Paddock (37) gives mammoth or giant forms of the 

 Concord identical with Eaton as originating from bud mutations of the Concord. 

 Ballou (1) records a bud variety of the Concord with exceptionally large berries 

 which came true under his observation for two successive crops. The Pierce 

 variety originated as a bud mutation from Isabella, according to Le Long (33). 

 The writer has photographed bud mutations of the Thompson seedless grape, as 

 shown in Plate 10, with conspicuously large berries and different foliage than that 

 of the parent form from the vineyard of C. L. Edmunds of Thermal, California. 

 Roeding has introduced and propagates commercially a mammoth or giant 

 Thompson seedless variety which he has stated to the writer originated as a 

 bud mutation. 



In pears, Carriere (8) says that the following varieties have given by bud 

 variation variegated varieties, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Amanlis, Guenette, Saint- 

 Germain, Bergamotte d'Automne, Culotte de Suisse, and others. The writer 

 observed and photographed in 1918 in commercial pear orchards near Tehachapi, 

 California, limb mutations in Bartlett pear trees bearing striped fruits and in 

 other instances fruits possessing very different characteristics of shape, size, and 

 color from the normal fruits on the same or neighboring trees, as shown in Plate 

 11. Evidence was found to indicate that several of the strains of the Bartlett 

 variety in those orchards, including the Winter Bartlett, the Sheep's Nose Bart- 

 lett, and Corrugated Bartlett, originated as bud mutations. 



In strawberries, Farmer (22) states that the Pan-American, an ever-bearing 

 variety, originated as a bud sport of the Bismark. 



An illustration of bud variation in the artichoke is shown in Plate 12. 



In citrus fruits, the investigations of the writer in Brazil in 1913 (17) indi- 

 cate that the Washington Navel orange, a typical tree of which is shown in Plate 

 13, one of the most important fruit varieties in existence, originated as a bud 

 mutation of the Selecta variety at Bahia, Brazil, and was first propagated in 

 1820. Reasoner (45) states that the Foster, a variety of grapefruit producing 

 pink-colored fruits, originated as a bud mutation of the Walters variety. In a 

 letter to the writer dated August 6, 1915, Reasoner describes a pink-fleshed mu- 

 tation of the Marsh grapefruit. A similar mutation was found by the writer in 



