In 1822, twenty-seven varieties of chrysanthemums were cultivated in Eng- 

 land, part of which had been imported, and some of which had originated from 

 the imported varieties through bud mutation. In 1836 three Chinese varieties 

 were imported which bore pink, speckled, and flesh-colored flowers, respectively. 

 The next year a single plant bore all three of these forms. 



Chrysanthemum bud mutations frequently occur in the branches of the 

 plants and occasionally in the suckers. They may be propagated in either form. 

 The stability of the bud mutations must be determined by experimental propa- 

 gations unless it is a type which is known to be transmitted. The practicability 

 of this effort is shown by the fact that of the 8,800 varieties cultivated in Europe 

 in 1899 more than 5,000 were originated in this way. 



In carnations, many of the valuable cultivated varieties have originated as 

 bud mutations. Dorsey (18) mentions among the important commercial bud 

 varieties the Victor, Chicago, White Lawson, White Enchantress, Rose Pink 

 Enchantress and Enchantress Supreme. 



In hibiscus, Darwin (15) mentions several striking bud mutations, including 

 one where the bud variation produced flowers and leaves resembling in shape 

 those of another species. Both the parental form and the bud mutation were 

 extensively propagated by cuttings and came perfectly true. Stout (69) records 

 the origin of a dwarf form of Hibiscus oculiroseus as a mutation. Carriere (8) 

 cites two instances of varieties of hibiscus originating from bud mutations, viz., 

 H. syriacus, variety flore pleno variegaia, with variegated yellowish-white 

 leaves, appearing in a green-leaved plant in 1858, and H. syriacus, variety varie- 

 gata, with remarkably variegated leaves, an example of which is shown in Plate I. 

 While in Honolulu in 1920 the writer's attention was called to several cases of 

 bud mutation in hibiscus plants, including double flowers borne by single-flower 

 plants and the development of branches having very different foliage on the same 

 stem. 



In dahlias, Darwin (15) cites the case of the Butterfly variety, in which the 

 same plants produced double and single flowers, "here white petals edged with 

 maroon, there of a uniform deep maroon." He also records the instance of a 

 plant which bore two different kinds of self-colored flowers as well as a third 

 kind which partook of both colors beautifully intermixed. Similar illustrations 

 of bud mutations in dahlias have been repeatedly observed in gardens in southern 

 California during recent years by the writer, an example of which is shown in 

 Plate 2. The Le Grand Manitou, a leading dahlia variety having white flowers 

 with purple stripes, has produced a purple-flowered variety, the Purple Manitou, 

 as shown in Plate 3, by bud mutation which is being cultivated at the present time 

 to some extent. 



Many other instances of varieties of common flowering plants arising from 

 bud mutations might be mentioned. Bud varieties of the Sweet William, Snap- 

 Dragon, Stocks, Cyclamen, Gladiolus, Fuchsia, Violet, Hydrangea, Geranium, 

 and Evening Primrose are widely cultivated by gardeners and florists. We be- 



