of the Northern Forest 39 



rapid growth in our country, as I have raised woods of 

 it in ten years. The tree shows some variety of habit 

 and even fohage, and, if one Hked to do anything so 

 foolish, one could give Latin names to several forms 

 found in one wood. The Calabrian variety has been 

 named as a species by some, and it is a more vigorous 

 tree in poor soils. Plant small; two or three-year-old 

 plants do best. 



The White Pine [Pinus strobus). One of the noblest 

 forest trees of the northern world, reaching a height of 

 over 170 feet, with a girth of trunk of 30 feet. Owing to 

 the cutting of the woods in its native land, it is seldom 

 seen in its fine form in the settled parts. It forms dense 

 forests in Newfoundland and Canada, and westwards 

 and southwards along the mountains. In our country 

 it thrives best in gritty and free soils. I find it perishes 

 when growing on some clays, and this is not owing to 

 any want of hardiness, as it is as hardy as any northern 

 tree. 



The Cluster Pine {P. pinaster). A rapid-growing Pine 

 of pleasant colour, 70 feet or more high, native of the 

 Mediterranean region, often by the seashore, and useful 

 in our country near the sea, but often thriving in inland 

 places, best in free and sandy soils. It is used much in 

 France to aid in fixing sand dunes. 



The Scotch Pine. Our native Pine, and, when old, one 

 of the most beautiful. It is of very wide distribution in 

 northern, Arctic, and mountain regions, and also on the 

 mountains of Italy and Greece. The Riga variety is a 

 more erect and stronger grower. A number of varieties 

 are mentioned in books and catalogues, and some hy- 

 brids, compact and dwarf varieties, including variegated 

 ones, none of any value for the woodland. This Pine 



