LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Rose-Charmeux's System of Vertical 



Training ..... 

 Vines trained Vertically with alter- 

 nated spurs. .... 

 Movable Scaffold used for thinning the 



Grapes . . , . , 



Shade to protect the Grape-thinners 



from strong sun .... 

 Frame fur carrying small baskets filled 



with Grapes from the walls to the 



store-rooms ..... 

 Mode of Grafting the Vine at Thomery 

 Mode of Grafting the Vine, by ap- 

 proach, practised at Thomery . 

 Gouge used in Grafting the Vine : ten 



inches long ..... 

 Small Pit used for Forcing the Vine . 

 Small span-roofed Pit for Forcing the 



Viue ...... 



French mode of training Vines on open 



Wall 



Pear-tree trained as a " Palmette 



Verrier " . 

 The Palmette Verrier. Second, third, 



and fourth pruning 

 The Palmette Verrier. Fifth pruning. 

 Palmette Verrier, with weakly outer 



Branch completed by Grafting 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. First pruning . 

 Top of Young Pear-tree 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Second pruning 

 Leading shoot of Pear-tree. 

 Part of old leading shoot barked and 



left to tie the young shoot to . 

 The best position at which to prune for 



the terminal bud .... 

 Incisions made above and below branches 



and buds to check irregularity of 



growth ..... 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Third pruning . 

 Grafting by approach, to cover bare 



spaces on Pyramidal Trees 

 Grafting by approach as applied to Wall 



and Espalier Trees 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Fourth pruning 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Fifth pruning . 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree with drooping 



Branches ..... 

 Wall Pear-tree re-grafted . 

 Pendulous Training of Wall Pear-tree . 

 Grafting to furnish useless Water-shoots 



with Fruit-buds .... 

 Proi)er mode of cutting shoot 

 l^hoot cut too long .... 

 Shoot cut too low .... 

 Young shoot of Pear i>roperly pinched 



at about four inches from the base . 

 Shoot of Pear pinched too short . 



I'AGE [ rAGi; 



! Result of over-pinching . . . 407 



384- J Another result of over-pinching . . 407 

 ; Pinching of the second growth of the 



384 Pear 407 



The stipulary shoots forced into growth 



385 ' by the removal of the principal shoot 407 

 j Fruit-trees in a Front Garden (Vin- 



cennes) . . . . .413 



Pyramidal Pear-tree Re-grafted . . 41.") 



Varieties of Vertical Training . . 418 



386 Upright Pear-tree for Wall (Argenteuil) 419 



387 Fruit-trees along Railway . . . 432 

 Section of Railway-embankment and 



387 Terraces for Fruit-trees. . . 433 



Fruit-hedge fully furnished . . 434 



387 Form of Fruit-tree Fence . . . 435 



388 Railway Fence furnished with Fruit- 



trees ...... 435 



388 The Cloche as used in Winter-Lettuce 



I culture ..... 437 



389 I The Cloche as used in the raising of 



i Seedling Plants . . . .438 



391 The Cloche as used in the Propagating- 



house. ..... 439 



392 ' Carriage for transporting Orange-trees. 440 



393 I Truck for moving Plants in Tubs and 



I large Pots 440 



394 ' Portion of Pear-stand at Ferriferes . 442 



395 ! End View of Pear-stand . . . 442 



396 ' Section of Pear-rail in the Fruit-room 



396 ; at Ferriferes . . . .442 



397 I Narrow Frames used for Forcing . 443 



397 Frame for making Straw Mats . . 443 

 Straw Mat (Paillassou) used for cover- 



398 ing Frames ..... 444 

 The S(5cateur Lecointe . . . 446 



398 The Common Sdcateur . 446 



The Kaidisseur .... 446 



Key of Raidisseur .... 447 



398 Collignon's Raidisseur . . . 447 



399 Side View of Collignon's Raidisseur . 447 

 j Thomery Raidisseur. . . . 447 



400 Borel's Raidisseur .... 448 

 Open Loop ..... 449 



400 Loop after three turns . . . 449 



401 Bur-reed (Sparganium ramosum) . 4.")1 



402 Reed-mace (Typha latif.dia) . . 451 

 Mode of Protecting Walls . . . 4.').; 



403 Mode of arranging Wires on Walls 454 



404 Wall Wired for Oblique Cordon Train- 



405 ing ...... 455 



I Trellis for Young Trees in Nurseries . 455 



406 Gourd of the Paris Market . 467 



407 Figure showing the depth of the succos- 

 407 sive annual earthings given to the 



407 As|)aragus 470 



Planting .\sparagus ; Trenches at I'lant- 



407 ing-time and after a Season's growth 470 



407 Frames uscil for Forcing Asjiaragus . 475 



