Chap. XVIIl.] THE CORDON SYSTEM OF FRUIT-GROWING. 289 



shoots. This little pruning operation requires considerable 

 caution, and is performed by the aid of the knife. Care should 

 be taken not to confound the graft with the other shoots on the 

 plant. The stem of the stock above 

 the bud being thus deprived of its 

 shoots, serves as a stake to which to 

 tie the young growing scion, which 

 tied loosely is preserved from ac- 

 cident during its growth. At the 

 end of the year this natural stake, 

 having served its purpose, is cut 

 away, and the graft having attained 

 its proper size is ready for trans- 

 planting as a maiden plant, and may 

 then be trained into any form the 

 grower may think desirable. 



" The Apple thus grafted on the 

 Paradise is, as is well known, a great 

 success throughout all parts of France 

 and the adjoining countries. In pro- 

 portion to the space it occupies, it 

 furnishes a great quantity of the 

 finest fruit. It is not rare to count 

 seventy or eighty apples upon a little 

 tree whose arms together are not 

 more than seven feet long. This 

 form is due to M. J. L, Jamin, of 

 Bourg-la-Eeine. This nurseryman 

 used to sell dwarf fruit-trees of all 

 kinds in pots in the Paris market, 

 and amongst them the now well- 

 known cordon. The form was much 

 appreciated and promptly spread 

 abroad, and after having had some 

 success at a horticultural exhibition 

 held at the Louvre, it was definitely adopted in kitchen- and fruit- 

 gardens under the name of the horizontal cordon. 



" To establish the growth of cordons in the nursery a line of 

 galvanised iron wire is stretched horizontally at about fourteen 



