406 



TPIE PAEKS AND GAKDENft OF PAKIS. [Chap. XXIII. 



horizontally-trained Pear-tree. I do not say that it is as good as 

 it is graceful in appearance, believing in simple, easily-conducted 

 forms, but as these smaller arching branches may be established 

 on kinds that bear better on the young wood, or on trees with 

 the branches thinly placed, it may prove useful. The mode of 

 formation is so simple and so easily established that no further 

 description is needed. It cannot however be said too often 

 that the simple and quickly-formed trees, described elsewhere, 

 are as excellent for walls as for trellises, combining as they 

 do the advantages claimed for the cordons with a not too- 

 contracted, repressed development. 



When the exact system of training described in this chapter is 

 well carried out, well-furnished branches and fruitful spurs are 

 the rule. Should it not be so, the growers frequently resort to 

 grafting fruit-buds on the bare spaces, as shown by the following 

 figures : — 



Grafting to furnish useless luater-sJwots 

 luith fruit-hnds. A , short lateral fruit- 

 shoot ; C, incision to receive A ; D, oper- 

 ation completed {this graft is performed 

 in August, the huds fruiting the follonv- 

 ingycar'); B, terminal fruit-brancli; E, 

 crown-grafting of frui ting-shoots on gross 

 unfruitful ones. 



