CiiAP. XXV.] IMPr.EMKNTS USED IN FRENCH GARDENS. 455 



H'a/i Wired for Obliqm Cordon Training. 



rains, all the atlvautagcs of walls as regards beat would be obtained, 

 and the syringing-engine would not bo defeated by countless little 

 dens offering comfortable breeding-places to the enemies of the 

 friiit-tree, while the 

 appearance of the 

 wall would be all 

 that could be de- 

 sired. 



The wire and the 

 raidisseur are also 

 efficiently used in 

 doing away with 

 any necessity for 

 nailing in training 

 the Peach and other 

 trees, when trained 

 as cordons, as shown 

 in the accompanying figure. When the lines which the wires are 

 to follow are fixed upon, bolts and eyes are driven in the wall, the 

 wire being fixed to and passed through them, and then made firm. 

 The French apply the term " espalier " to their wall-trees, and 

 in adopting the word from them we have transferred it to trees 

 standing in the open, but trained in a similar manner. They 



term our espalier 

 "contre-espalier," 

 but the terms wall- 

 tree and espalier are 

 distinctly and 

 generally understood 

 among us, and there- 

 fore it is better to 

 employ them in their 

 usual sense. The 

 simplicity and ex- 

 cellence of their 

 mode of making sup- 

 ports for espaliers will be better shown by the figures in the account 

 of the Versailles School of Horticulture than by verbal description. 

 The mode of making trellises for espalier-trees now extensively 



2 II 2 



Trt-Uis for Young Trees in Ki 



Page 456. 



