VAEIETY. 61 



yet lying wholly outside tliem. It may be mountain 

 scenery, a lake, a view of the ocean, a glimpse of a 

 pretty village, or any other exterior object which bears 

 an interest to the users of the grounds but which is 

 itself wholly beyond the control of the designer. Some- 

 times these exterior objects are of even greater impor- 

 tance than all the grounds upon which the gardener has 

 to work. This might be the case with a small plot of 

 ground lying next the ocean. In such an extreme case 

 the intelligent gardener will seek to make his entire 

 work contribute to enhance the beauty or effectiveness 

 of the chief though exterior view. This means, of 

 course, that all his effects shall be subordinate to the 

 princijml interest. It would be a blameworthy act to 

 place anything in the garden which would draw atten- 

 tion to itself and away from the outside view. In any 

 case he will have careful regard to these exterior views, 

 and will arrange his groupings so as to avail himself of 

 whatever extraneous beauties may be at hand. This, of 

 course, means the leaving of open vistas along well 

 chosen lines. The lines which are thus to be left open, 

 as well as all the long vistas or perspectives which are to 

 be preserved inside the grounds, should be marked first 

 on the engrossed plans, and as the plans are developed 

 on the paj^er all obstructions may be kept off them. 

 Again, when the plans are being worked out on the 

 grounds these open lines should be carefully^ marked 

 and the plantings kept from crowding upon them. 



