CORRAL DUST 



from the usurpation of the red man's hunting grounds 

 by the whites. 



In 1856 a treaty was enacted with the Indians and 

 thus war was ended as far as the Umatillas were con- 

 cerned. But it was not until three years later that the 

 President of the United States ratified the treaty. 

 This resulted in the Umatilla Reservation being estab- 

 lished and assigned to the three neighboring tribes — 

 the Umatilla, Walla Walla and Cayuses, as a home 

 territory. There they lived under the United States 

 Agency until 1882. 



Then a large portion of their land was sold and the 

 remnant of these tribes, only eleven hundred, including 

 breeds, were assigned allotments on the remainder of 

 the reservation. The Indian's lands have been so cut 

 up through sale and lease that now they are often de- 

 prived of range for their grass-fed horses, which may 

 be seen any day getting their meager picking along the 

 grassy spots of the roadside, and reaching as far as 

 their scrawny necks will permit over the barbed wire 

 to the green selvage of the wheat fields. Their feed 

 is so scarce and their condition so poor, with range 

 so curtailed, that this forage is not sufficient to prevent 

 many from perishing in any continuous cold stormy 

 weather, when their carcasses will sometimes be found 

 by hundreds over the country. 



It is claimed by some that the first house erected by 

 a white man in the county was built by Father Brouil- 

 let. This cabin, later accidentally burned by Indian 

 boys while at play, was on old Chief Isakaya's land be- 

 tween the present warehouses and the new bridge at 

 the agency. It is recorded that when the first settlers 

 came in here from the east the nearest and only 

 whites were twelve squaw men, employees of the Hud* 



79 



