LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES OF THE HORSE. 21 



2. Pos^eWor.— Membranous. Attached above to the posterior 



surface of the femur above the condyles, below, to the tibia 

 just below its articular surface, blending laterally with 

 the lateral ligaments. 



3. Cmcm/.— These are two fibrous cords crossing each other, 



named anterior and posterior. The anterior is attached 

 above in the intercondyloid groove, below, to the tibial 

 spine ; the posterior, also attached above in the groove, 

 passes downwards and backwards, to be inserted to a 

 tubercle on the posterior border of the tibial articular sur- 

 face. 

 {Semihinar Cartilayes.— These are crescent- shaped, each having 

 a flat, inferior surface, resting on the tibial facet, a con- 

 cave upper surface, related to the condyle of the femur, a 

 convex, thick, outer border, and a concave, thin, inner 

 border, embracing the tibial spine The inner one is held 

 in position by two bands, the outer by three, constituting 

 the so-called coronary ligaments. ) 



B. Femoro-patellar. 



1. Capsular.— Attached around the articular surface of the 



patella and the trochlea of the femur. 



2. Lateral— Thickenings of the capsular ligament on each side. 



C. Patellar. 



1. Internal Straight.— Attached to the internal border of the 



patella and inner side of anterior tuberosity of the tibia. 

 This ligament has a fibro- cartilaginous thickening which 

 enlarges the articular surface of the patella. 



2. Middle Straight— Attached to apex of patella and a groove 



on the anterior tuberosity of the tibia. 



3. External Straight - Attached to external border of patella 



and outer side of anterior tuberosity of the tibia. 

 Note.— These may properly be considered continuations of the 

 triceps crural is. 



