22 LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES OF THE HORSE. 



TiBio-FiBULAK Joint.— United by 



1. Peri/Jierrd Fibres. — Surrounding the joint. 



2. Interosseous Fibres. — Extending across the tibio-fibular arch. 

 Synovial ^Iembranes. 



These are three in number. The tirst lubricates the joint be- 

 tween the femoral trochlea and the patella. It lines the 

 capsular ligament and protrudes upwards undei- the triceps. 

 Below it touches and sometimes communicates with the 

 synovial membranes of the femoro-tibial joint. The other 

 two membranes lubricate the femoro-tibial joint. They are 

 separated by the crucial ligament, and a quantity of fat 

 separates them from the straight patellar ligaments. The 

 external sac also pouches downwards, investing the 

 tendon of origin of the popliteus, and the common tendon 

 of the flexor metatarsi and extensor pedis muscles. 

 Movements (of the joint as a whole. ) 



These are flexion and extension, with slight lateral movement 

 and rotation when the joint is flexed 



HOCK-JOINT. 



1. Anterior (membranous). —Attached above to the tibia, below, 



to the astragulas, cuneiform magnum and medium, and the 

 astragalo-metatarsal ligament, blending laterally with 

 the lateral ligaments. 



2. Posterior {membranons). —Attached above to the tibia, below, 



to the astragalus and oscalcis, blending laterally wdth the 

 lateral ligaments. 



3. Internal /a^emZ.— Attached above to the internal malleolus 



of the tibia, below, to the large and inner small metatarsals, 

 and to the bones it passes over. 



4. External /a^emZ. —Attached above to the external malleolus 



of the tibia, below, to the large and outer small metatarsals, 

 and the bones over which it passes. 



