LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES OF THE HORSE. 27 



Insertion — To the antero-internal surface of the cartilage of 



prolongation. 

 Action. — Draws scapula upwards and forwards. 



3. Splenius. 



Origin. — From the funicular portion of the ligamentum nuchae 

 and from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th dorsal spines. 



Insertion. — To the mastoid crest, wing of the atlas and trans- 

 verse processes of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae. 



Action.— Acting together they elevate head and neck, singly, 

 they incline these to one side. 



4. COMPLEXUS. 



Origi7L. — From the spines of tlie 2nd, 3rd and 4th dorsal ver- 

 tebrae, transverse processes of 1st six dorsal vertebne, and 

 oblique processes of last six cervical vertebra^. 



Insertion. — To the occipital bone on each side of the tuberosity. 



Action. — Together, they extend the head ; singly, also turn it 

 slightly to one side. 



5. Trachelo-mastoideus. 



Origin. — From the transverse processes of the hrst two dorsal 

 vertebne, and oljlique processes of last six cervical vertebrae. 



Inseition. — To the mastoid crest and to the w^ing of the atlas. 



Action. — Together, they extend the head ; singly, bend the neck 

 laterally. 



6. Spinalis Colli. 

 Consists of live bundles. 



Origin. — From the oblique processes of the last live cervical 



vertebrae. 

 Insertion. — To the spines of all the cei'vical except the fii'st and 



last. 

 Action. — Together, they extend the neck; acting singly, they 



incline the neck to the opposite side. 



7. Obliquus Capitis Anticus. 



Origin. — From the edge of the wing of the atlas. 



