12 LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES OF THE HORSE, 



Synovial Membrane. 



There is a single synovial sac for this joint. 

 Movements. 



Rotation, in which the axis remains fixed, and the atlas rotates 

 around the odontoid process, carrying the head with it. 



Temporo-maxillary Articulation. 

 Ligaments. 



Capsular.— This is membranous, and is attached above, around 

 the articular surface of the temporal bone ; below, around 

 the condyle of the inferior maxilla. 



Thickenings of the capsular are sometimes designated pos- 

 terior and external ligaments. 

 Inter-articular fibro-cartilage.— A disc of fibro-caitilage inter- 

 posed between the joint surfaces. 



Synovial Membranes. 



Two in number, one above, the other below the cartilage. 

 Movements. 



Depression, elevation, protraction, retraction and lateral move- 

 ment of the inferior maxilla. 



Ligaments of the Ribs. 

 A. Costo-Vertebral. 

 (a) Costo-Central. 

 L Inter articular. — Attached in the groove on the head of each 



rib, and to the upper border of the intervertebral disc, 



meeting the ligament of the opposite side at the median 



line. 

 2. Stellate.— Atis^ohed to the rib just below the head, to the 



bodies of the vertebrae in front and behind, and to the 



intermediate disc. 

 {h) Costo-transverse. 

 Anterior. 



