VKKDS K()l{ ANIMALS 85 



not digestible. The latter pass out of the digestive tract in 

 the form of feces. 



Other nutritional properties of different feeds play an im- 

 portant part. Investigators have shown that some animals 

 will do well on certain feeds and not on others, even if they 

 are given the same amounts of the different nutrients. 



As, according to the Bible, man lives not by bread alone, 

 so animals do not like to live upon a single feed. A variety 

 of feeds made up into a ration is more appetizing. Such a 

 ration is also more likely to furnish the minor substances, 

 such as the amino acids and other peculiar substances which 

 are not classed as nutrients and are not always recognized but 

 which are an important factor in animal nutrition. There- 

 fore, variety in a ration should not be forgotten. 



Winter Feeding. — As is generally recognized, farm ani- 

 mals are handled with less trouble and expense in summer 

 than in winter. They also do better in summer. Since the 

 winter temperature is so much lower than the animal body it is 

 more difficult to maintain the normal body temperature which 

 is about 100 degrees Fahrenheit. To assist an animal in main- 

 taining this temperature it is usually put into some kind of a 

 barn or shed. Different animals and also animals for different 

 purposes require different kinds of shelter. 



The dairy cow loses considerable heat each day in the form 

 of warm milk. This milk is taken from her at the body's 

 temperature. The water and feed entering into this milk as 

 a rule must be brought up to the body temperature. This 

 requires an enormous amount of heat. It takes more heat to 

 raise the temperature of a given amount of water to a certain 

 degree than it does to heat the same weight in iron to an eqjual 

 degree. From this it is evident why dairy cows need better 

 barns than beef cattle. 



In the summer time animals on pasture or at large have the 

 opportunity to gather various kinds of legumes, grasses, weeds, 

 water and minerals. These furnish variety which is so im- 

 portant. They also furnish protein and the different mineral 

 substances all of which are very important to the well-being 

 of the animal. This factor is largely wanting in winter 

 unless it is artificially provided. In winter, also, the animals 



