154 LIVESTOCK ON THE FARM 



Holstein Friesian. — The Holstein Friesian breed is popu- 

 larly spoken of as Holstein. This breed originated in northern 

 Europe and especially in Holland and Denmark. It is well 

 adapted to cold climates. These cattle are black and white, 

 the patches of the two colors being rather large. They are a 

 large breed and carry considerable flesh. The calves of this 

 breed are large, grow rapidly and make excellent veal calves. 



The Holstein breed is noted for its ability to consume and 

 use to good advantage a large amount of coarse feeds or 

 roughages. They must, of course, have grain in addition. 

 But since the roughages are the cheaper feeds, if they can use 

 more of this kind of material, it is to their advantage. Hoi- 

 st eins also are noted for giving a large quantity of milk but 

 this is not very rich in butter fat. The yield of butter, how- 

 ever, is large on account of the large amount of milk. This 

 gives more skim milk for feeding purposes. 



The Holstein cow is so large and carries so much flesh that 

 when she is through with her work in the dairy she is worth 

 something for beef. Sometimes the milk of this breed is not 

 rich enough to come up to the standard required by the retail 

 milk trade. In such cases part of the milk has to be skimmed 

 and the cream put with the rest of it so as to make this richer. 



Holstein milk and cream is not so yellow as that from some 

 other breeds. This is because of coloring matter put in by 

 the cow and the small size of the fat globules, and not to the 

 small amount of fat present. The fact that the fat globules 

 in this milk are so small is an advantage when milk or cream 

 is handled over rough roads. It does not churn as easily. 

 On the other hand, the milk is more difficult to skim and the 

 cream more difficult to churn. These factors are of relatively 

 small importance, however. 



Jersey. — Jersey cattle come from the Isle of Jersey north 

 of France. The climate is mild and the cattle are not always 

 so robust and vigorous as might be desired. 



Jerseys are usuall}^ fawn-colored but sometimes red and 

 white with the colors well blended. The muzzle, tongue and 

 end of tail or switch are usually black. Jerseys are rather 

 small and very lean and angular. They are the ideal of the 

 extreme dairy type but are sometimes thought too delicate. 



